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Chapter 14

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9 views

Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of lecture notes

Uploaded by

c.p.b.4295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics

Fifteenth Edition

Chapter 14
Kinetics of a Particle : Work
and Energy

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Applications
Crash barrels are often used
along roadways in front of
barriers for crash protection.
The barrels absorb the car’s
kinetic energy by deforming.
If we know the velocity of an
oncoming car and the
amount of energy that can
be absorbed by each barrel,
how can we design a crash
cushion?

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Work of a Force
A force does work on a particle when the particle
undergoes a displacement along the line of action of the
force.
Work is defined as the product of force
and displacement components acting in
the same direction.
So, if the angle between the force and
displacement vector is q, the increment
of work dU done by the force is
𝑑𝑈=F 𝑑𝑠 cos 𝜃

r2
By using the definition of the dot product
U1 2 F .dr
and integrating, the total work can be
r1
written as
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Work of a Force

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Example

 Suppose we have a force ,F=(3,4,5)


Newtons acting on an object, and the object
undergoes a displacement d=(2,1,3) meters
in the direction of the force. Calculate The
work done W by the force on the object.

 Hint: The work done W by the force on the


object is given by the dot product of the
force and displacement vectors

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Example

 Imagine you are pulling a block across a frictionless surface with a


rope that is angled at 30 degrees above the horizontal. If you apply a
force of 400 N to pull the block and the block moves horizontally 5
meters, how much work have you done on the block?

𝐹 h𝑜𝑟 =400 cos ⁡( 30 °)

𝑤=𝐹 h𝑜𝑟 × 𝑟=1732 J

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Work of a Weight

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Work of a Spring Force

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Example
A spring with an unstretched length of 5 inches expands from a
length of 2 inches to a length of 4 inches. Find the work done on
the spring.

𝑙 0=5

𝑙1 =2 𝑙 2= 4

𝑆 1=3 𝑆 2=1

𝑈 1 −2= 0.5 × 𝑘 ×( ( 𝑆 2 )2 − ( 𝑆1 )2 )

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Example

 If a spring force is and the spring is compressed


by what is the work done on a particle attached to
the spring?

The work done on the particle

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Principle of Work and Energy

m(v2 ) or T1   U1 2 T2


2

 U1 2 is the work done by all the forces acting on the particle as it
moves from point 1 to point 2. Work can be either a positive or
negative scalar.

T1 and T2 are the kinetic energies of the particle at the initial and
final position, respectively. Thus, Thus, T1 0.5 m v1  and
2

T2  0.5 m v 2  . The kinetic energy is always a positive scalar


2

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