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Communicating Beyond Words

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40 views36 pages

Communicating Beyond Words

this is helpful for you to learn english language

Uploaded by

maalaikeashtar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMMUNICATING BEYOND WORDS:

THE SUBTLE SUPREMACY OF


SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Chishti
AGENDA
1 What is a quality spoken expression?
Why is it so significant to produce a quality
2 spoken expression?
What factors impede or enhance the
3
acquisition of a quality spoken expression ?

4 What are suprasegmental features?


What are the tips on a reasonably good
5
quality spoken expression?
1 What is a quality spoken expression?

A lofty goal
sound like native speakers

A modest, realistic goal


to develop a clear, understandable pronunciation
with appropriate intonation and stress
2 Why is it so significant to produce a quality
spoken expression?
Intelligibility
is the most sensible goal.
Intelligibility
is being understood by a listener in a given
situation

Poor, unintelligible speech will make your attempts


at conversing frustrating and unpleasant both for
yourself and for your listeners.
3 What factors impede or enhance the
acquisition of a quality spoken expression ?

1. The learner’s native language


2. The learner’s age
3. The learner’s exposure
4. The learner’s innate phonetic ability
5. The learner’s attitude and motivation.
6. The learner’s speech habit.
4 What are suprasegmental features

Suprasegmental features are aspects of


speech that go beyond individual sounds
(segments) like consonants and vowels.
They are crucial for conveying meaning,
emotion, and emphasis, and they play a
significant role in effective communication.
Intonation: The rise and fall of pitch
across phrases or sentences.
Stress: Emphasis placed on certain
syllables or words.
Rhythm: The pattern of stresses and
timing in speech.
Pitch: The perceived highness or
lowness of the voice
5 What are the tips on a reasonably good quality
spoken expression?

One needs to be sensitized to the major


differences between one’s native
language and the second language.

Also, one has to be mindful of the special


features of English as second language
that are most difficult for the novive
learners.
5 What are the tips on a reasonably good quality
spoken expression?
Word Stress

Example:
PREsent preSENT
CONduct conDUCT
CONtest conTEST
OBject obJECT
PROject proJECT
REcord reCORD
5 What are the tips on a reasonably good quality
spoken expression?
Sentence stress

In a normal English sentence certain


words are stressed and certain words are
unstressed.
Normally stressed are content words.
Normally unstressed are form words.
Some intriguing examples!
Examples:
1. Janet has gone to the Baker’s.
2. I saw your brother yesterday.
3. Would you like a glass of milk?
4. I must be going. My wife’s waiting
for me at the corner of the street.
Rhythm

Stress gives a natural


rhythm to spoken English.
Rhythm
The rhythm of spoken English is
determined by the occurrence of
stressed syllables. Stressed syllables
occur at more or less equal intervals
in English. The other syllables in a
sentence are reduced or blended to
accommodate the regular beat of the
stressed syllables.
1.As a general rule English
tries to avoid having
stresses too close
together.

2. English stresses tend to


recur at regular intervals.
5 What are the tips on a reasonably good quality
spoken expression?
Stress patterns

Example:
1. Sing a song.

2. I’d love to.


3. I’ve heard of it.

4. I want to know.
5. She asked me to go.
6. I think it will be fine.
5 What are the tips on a reasonably good quality
spoken expression?
Intonation
Function 1: It indicates grammatical meaning, in
much the same way as punctuation does in the written
language.
What a fascinating idea! What time are you available?
Please close the door. She cleaned the kitchen.
Function 2: It can also indicate the speaker’s
attitude.
1. Really?
2. What’s your name?
5 What are the tips on good English pronunciation?

Four basic tune movements

Fall
Rise
Fall-rise
Rise-fall
Example:
1.His name is Peter. (a straightforward statement)
2.His name is Peter. (a polite question)
3.His name is Peter. (I don’t believe you.)
4.His name is Peter. (to convey certainty)
Speech-flow

Stress,rhythm and intonation


should really be considered as a
whole, for they are very closely
connected elements of a single
aspect of the language that we
might call Speech-flow.
Speech-flow
Broadly speaking, a
reasonably correct speech-
flow is more important for
intelligibility than correct
sounds.
Practice, practice and practice

Practice 1:
Rain
The rain is raining all around,
It falls in field and tree.
It rains on the umbrellas here,
And on the ships at sea.
--Robert Louis Stevenson
Practice, practice and practice
Practice 2: Bed in Summer
In winter I get up at night,
And dress by yellow candle-light.
In summer quite the other way,
I have to go to bed by day.
I have to go to bed and see,
The birds still hopping on the tree,
Or hear the grown-up people’s feet,
Still going past me in the street.
And does it not seem hard to you,
When all the sky is clear and blue,
And I should like so much to play,
To have to go to bed by day?
--Robert Louis Stevenson
Practice, practice and practice
Practice 2: Bed in Summer
In winter I get up at night,
And dress by yellow candle-light.
In summer quite the other way,
I have to go to bed by day.
I have to go to bed and see,
The birds still hopping on the tree,
Or hear the grown-up people’s feet,
Still going past me in the street.
And does it not seem hard to you,
When all the sky is clear and blue,
And I should like so much to play,
To have to go to bed by day?
--Robert Louis Stevenson
Practice 3:

Learning a foreign language was one of the most


difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life.
Although at times, learning a language was
frustrating, it was well worth the effect.

My experience with a foreign language began in


junior middle school, when I took my first English
class. I had a kind and patient teacher who often
praised all of the students. Because of this positive
method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could,
never worrying much about making mistakes. I was
at the top of my class for two years.
Some Other Features of the
Spoken Language

Shortended Forms
Contraction
Elision
Ellipsis
Contraction
a reduced form often marked by
an apostrophe in writing

e.g. can’t = cannot


I’ll = I will
Elision
the omission or slurring (eliding)
of one or more sounds or
syllables

e.g. gonna = going to


wanna be = want to be
wassup =
what’s up
Ellipsis
the omission of part of a
grammatical structure

e.g. “You bored?” “A bit”


“Exhausted?” “Not Really!”
“Annoyed?” “Very much!”
Features that result from the
limited processing time

False start
Repairs
Fillers
False Start
when a speaker stops after
beginning an utterance and
then either repeats or
reformulates it.
e.g. right well let's er --= let's
look at the applications -- erm
- let me just ask initially this...
Repairs
an alteration suggested or made
by the speaker, the addressee or
the audience to correct or clarify
a previous conversational
contribution.
Turn-taking
a typical, orderly arrangement
in which participants speak
with minimal overlap and gap
between them.
Short-turns: one or two
sentences; long turns: can be
an hour’s lecture.
Organizational features

Back-channeling
Turn-taking
Feedback for a speaker, meaning
“I understand you” or “I’m
listening”.

e.g. “I see”, “really”, “uh huh”


or “oh”
Accent: the ways in which words
are pronounced. Factors: age,
region or social class, e.g. RP
Dialect: The distinctive grammar
and vocabulary associated
with the regional or social use
of a language.
Some Additional
Resources!
https://books.google.com.pk/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=DYT7GSNMdhAC&oi=fnd
&pg=PA225&dq=Suprasegmental+Feat
ures&ots=m9KEjmh1M1&sig=Ei9ucEA_r
mSl3KPbh0NRPR66BaI&redir_esc=y#v=
onepage&q=Suprasegmental
%20Features&f=false
https://www.shs-conferences.org/
articles/shsconf/abs/2018/03/
shsconf_gctale2018_00048/
shsconf_gctale2018_00048.html
Thank you!

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