Reading

and Writing
Class
Ms. Irish A. Faeldonia
PRAYER:
So we can confidently say,
“The Lord is my helper;
I will not fear;
what can man do to me?”

Hebrews 13:6 - ESV

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OBJECT
IVES
1. Write the episodes of your life from childhood to
young adulthood using a Graphic organizer;
2. Organize ideas using proper transitional devices;
3. Construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph;
4. Determine the essence of proper language use in
written texts;
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5. Evaluate a written text based on the
appropriateness of language use;
6. Utilize writing prowess through practice skills in
grammar; and
7. Use proper mechanics in writing such as spelling,
punctuation, capitalization,
And paragraph development.
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 LESSON 2
Lesson 1: ORGANIZATION
Lesson 2: COHERENCE AND
COHESION
Lesson 3: LANGUAGE USE
Lesson 4: MECHANICS
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INTRODUCTION:
Arranging our thoughts to deliver a
purposeful message is essential in all
forms of communication. This is clearly
evident among written texts, which are
supposed to be well-organized, coherent
and cohesive, using proper language and
mechanically neat.
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INTRODUCTION:
Writing, like speaking, is a form
of expressing and communicating
one’s thoughts and ideas. When you
speak clearly, other people can
understand what you are saying.
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INTRODUCTION:
Likewise, when you write, you have to
familiarize yourself with the properties of a
well-written text: organization, coherence and
cohesion, language use, and mechanics. These
will serve as your “compass” in weaving your
train of thought and connecting one idea to
another.
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 Properties of a
Well-Written Text
Let’s Try!
Excerpt from “Seven Sundays”

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 Lesson 1:
Organization

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 What is Organization?
• Refers to the arrangement of ideas
in a text.
• Organization is achieved when these
ideas are logically and accurately
arranged.
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 What is Organization?
• It is said that ideas are well-developed
when there is a clear statement of
purpose, position, facts, examples,
specific details, definitions, explanation,
justification, or opposing viewpoints.
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 A well-organized piece of writing
is not only clear but also logical and
aesthetic. The existence of
organizational markers and a coherent
flow of ideas are typically the focus in
the evaluation of writing (Dayagbil
2016, 63-64).
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 Text organization is how a text is
organized which helps guide the reader
logically through it. This makes a text
readable and its message clear.
Organization can be achieved through the
following techniques: PHYSICAL
FORMAT, SIGNAL WORDS, and
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STRUCTURE.
Create a story using the pictures
below:
 Lesson 2:
Coherence &
Cohesion

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 Coherence
refers to the rhetorical aspects of your
writing, which include developing and
supporting your argument (e.g. thesis
statement development), synthesizing and
integrating readings, organizing and
clarifying ideas.
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 COHERENCE - means the
connection and organization
of ideas in a text to create
unity.
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 Cohesion
Cohesion in writing means
unifying ideas by binding words,
phrases, sentences and paragraphs,
thus, show relationships and
smooth “text flow”
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 While coherence focuses on the
overall (macro) structure of the
essay, COHESION is more
specific. It pays attention to
links between words and
sentences.
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Chart of the Transitional Devices:
 What is
Coherence and make your
Coherence and cohesion
Cohesion?
text easier for your readers to follow
and understand. Cohesion is the
connection of ideas to the central
concept of a text.
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 What is
Coherence and
Coherence is the relationship of
Cohesion?
ideas between sentences. A text
with Cohesion has a central
concept or “glue” that holds all
the different ideas together.
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Let’s Try!
Directions: Combine each pair of sentences by changing one sentence to a
subordinate clause. Use an appropriate subordinating conjunction to link
the ideas.

Sample: I got tired. It was so late.

Answer: I got tired because it was
so late.
1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the
next room.
2. I pulled the blankets on my bed. I was afraid.
3. I finally got up from where I was sitting. I heard the
cat’s meow.

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Let’s Try!
Directions: continue the story by
completing the sentences.

4. I went to get a broom so that

_______________________.

5. I did not get very much sleep that night

because __ ____.

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 Lesson 3:
Language
Use

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 Before we proceed to the role of language use in
well-written texts, answer the following questions
first
A. Would it be enough to just consider organization,
coherence and cohesion in writing?

B. How would improper use of language affect the

message of a written text?

C. Why is language as significant as organization,

coherence and cohesion in developing a well-written text?
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 What is
•Language
It is important Use?
that you make good
choices when it comes to language use
because how you use the language
affects the tone of the text and the
readers’ interpretation of it. Before
writing, you must think and consider
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your target audience.
 What is
Language Use?
• Determine when it is appropriate to
use formal language or when
informal language is acceptable.

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 What is
Language
INFORMAL Use?
LANGUAGE – is usually
used in writing for oneself or in writing to
Family, friends, and colleagues. On the
other hand, FORMAL LANGUAGE is
used in writing Academic, business, and
official texts.
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 What is
Language Use?
EXAMPLE: We asked the secretary to call the
professor and get her permission for us to
continue our research.

EXAMPLE: We requested that the secretary

to contact the professor and obtain her
permission for us to continue our research.
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 There are five major issues with
appropriate language that should be
avoided in an effective and well-
written text, as identified by (Purdue
Online Writing Lab 2020):

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 1. The formality of the
language one uses should
depend on how formal the
situation is and how the writer
and the reader are related to one
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another.
 2. Jargon or specialized language
used by groups of individuals in
the same field, should only be
used if the target readers belong
to the same group.
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 3. Slang and idioms should be avoided. Slangs are
words, phrases, or expressions that do not literally
mean what they express (like “frenemy” to describe
someone who is both a friend and an enemy) while
idioms or expressions whose meaning is different from
the meanings of the individual word it contains (like
“to kill two birds at one stone”, which means to get
two things done with a single action

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 4. Euphemisms or words that veil the
truth shall also be avoided. Examples
of which are “virtually challenged”
for someone who is short; “passed
away” instead of died, and other
deceitful language.
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 5. Avoid using any biased
language including those
associated with any racial, ethnic,
group, or gender.
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 Lesson 4:
Mechanics

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 • Directions: Read the letter below. Identify all errors by placing the
correct capitalization and punctuations, correcting misspelled words,
and writing the sentences in paragraph form.

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 What is
Mechanics?
Mechanics are conventions that have to be
considered in writing. Some of these
conventions are spelling, punctuation,
and capitalization. It is important to know
and observe these conventions in writing to
avoid confusion.
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 What is
Mechanics?
Mechanics is essential in all types of
writing because it describes the technical
aspects of writing. It also serves as a road sign
to guide learners like you on how to use words
appropriately in terms of conventions such as
spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and others.
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 What is
Mechanics?
The following should be observed in academic
and more formal texts:
1. Always use standard English.
2. Avoid contractions
3. Avoid exclamation marks unless they are part
of direct quotations.
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 What is
Mechanics?
4. Mention the full name of the institution or
organization with the abbreviation in parenthesis, in
the first mention.

5. Numbers from zero to ten should be spelled out

numbers higher than ten should be written in
figures.

47 6. Generally, citations are used in academic and

 OBSERVE THE
STATEMENT

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 OBSERVE THE
STATEMENT

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ACTIVITY
Directions: Write a three-paragraph expository essay about one of the
given topics below. Make sure to consider organization, coherence and
cohesion, and language use. Please be guided by the scoring rubric.

1. How can pets make you happy and improve your life?
2. How to keep a virus–free environment?
3. Why do you want to pursue your desired career?
Rubrics:
Organization of ideas: 5 4 3 2
Relatedness of thoughts: 5 4 3 2
Language Use: 5 4 3
2
Mechanics: 5 4 3 2
Study objectives
Mercury
net to the
It’s the closest pla
st
Sun and the smalle

Neptune
It’s the fourth-largest planet
by diameter in the Solar
System

Saturn
s giant,
Saturn is a ga
ostly of
composed m
helium
hydrogen and
Schedule
Weekly Daily activities
activities
09:00
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Saturn has several rings
10:00
1 2 3 4 5
11:00

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12:00 Despite being red, Mars

13:00 is actually a cold place
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 14:00
15:00
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Jupiter is the biggest
16:00
planet of them all
27 28 29 30 31 17:00
Literature review

Theory 1 Theory 2
It’s the closest planet Venus has a beautiful
to the Sun and the name and is the
smallest one in the second planet from the
Solar System Sun
Alternative resources