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F MAT EXPLORE LN and e X

Natural logarithm lesson

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vexypooper
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14 views

F MAT EXPLORE LN and e X

Natural logarithm lesson

Uploaded by

vexypooper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

This lesson is

being
recorded
Starter

Solve the puzzle


The diagram shows a square of side
length . The shaded part is bounded
by a semi circle and two quarter-
circle arcs.
What is the shaded area?

If the semi circle is cut into two quarter circles, these


can be placed next to the other shaded region to fill
up half of the square. So total shaded area = half
area of square
Year 11 Further Mathematics
Explore 1
Prior learning nuggets (Inspired
AI)

Today’s lesson uses the following prior knowledge:

• Indices
All nuggets: MF13.01 – 13.07 MH 13.08 – 13.24

• Functions
Inverse Functions: MH56.13 – 56.16
Learning Objectives

Understand that logarithms and exponent


functions are inverse functions

Solve equations of the form


Golden Link

Evaluate the following without a calculator

Answer:
Natural Logs and the Exponential Function
Logarithms and Exponentials

Do you remember the definition of what a logarithm is?

The logarithm of a number is the power to which we raise the base to


get the number

So a logarithm is an EXPONENT

And we learned that the rules of logs are the same as the rules for
indices

The word logarithm derives from 2 Greek words “LOGOS”


meaning RATIO and “ARITHMOS” meaning NUMBER
Logarithms and Exponentials
In the Learn lesson, you saw the relationship between an exponential
function with base a and a logarithm function with base a

The exponential function and the logarithm function are


INVERSE functions

𝑥 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦
𝑎
𝑥
𝑎 𝑥
Logarithms and Exponentials – from Learn Lesson

Here are the graphs of both functions.

One is the reflection of the other in the line


Logarithms and Exponentials – from Learn
Lesson

Using algebra, if we have

Then we can write

We have the same base ()

The exponential relationship gives as a function of

The logarithmic relationship gives as a function of


The Natural Logarithm Function – from Learn
Lesson

Here is the graph of what we refer to as


the exponential function

The base is the irrational number

Recall it has the special mathematical property that its


gradient function is given by

Its inverse function will also have base

is called the natural logarithm and is abbreviated by ln.


The Natural Logarithm Function – from Learn
Lesson

is called the natural logarithm and is abbreviated by ln.

The term “natural log” is used because many processes in natural


sciences can be described by it
Solving exponential and logarithm
equations

When we solve an equation we use INVERSE operations

An exponential equation is solved by “taking logs of both sides”

This changes an exponential equation into a LINEAR equation


where the constants in the equation are the decimal values of the
logs
When we “take logs of both sides”, we use
either often written just as log or lg OR
which is written ln

This is because these log values are stored in our calculator

Modern calculators can work out the log of any base, but the norm
is to change to base or base 10
Example 1

Solve = , giving your answer to 3dp.

We should realise that 3 < < 4

Take logs (base 10) of both sides

log 3 = log 45 We have changed the exponential


equation into a LINEAR equation
where the constants in the equation
are the decimal values of the logs

𝑥 =3.465
If we had used ln instead, we get the same answer (or the log to
any base)
Example 2

Solve +

We can write +

The method we use to solve this is SUBSTITUTION

Let
10
𝑦 =−𝑦 =3
So we have: + 3
𝑥
𝑥 310 =3
+ 3 =−
𝑥 3 =1
𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙
Your turn

From the
textbook
Ch 1
Ex 9
Answers

From the
textbook
Ch 1
Ex 9
Additional practice

Exponential equations Level 6


Learning Objectives

Understand that logarithms and exponent


functions are inverse functions

Solve equations of the form


LESSON COMPLETE !
SEE YOU NEXT LESSON
Starter

Solve the puzzle


One eighth of the guests at a wedding were children. Three
sevenths of the adult guests were men.

What fraction of the wedding guests were adult women?

Seven eighths of the wedding guests were adults.


Three sevenths of the adults were male
Ratio of male adults to female adults is 3: 4
So fraction of the wedding guests that are women ..

=
Year 11 Further Mathematics
Explore 2
Learning Objectives

Solve equations involving logs


Golden Link
Natural Logs and the Exponential Function
The Natural Logarithm Function – from Learn
Lesson
The exponential function

The base is the irrational number

Recall it has the special mathematical


property that its gradient function is given
by

Its inverse function of will be a


logarithm function which will also have
base

is called the natural logarithm and


is abbreviated by ln.
Laws of Logarithms
Remember the laws of
logarithms are the laws of
indices.

These laws allow us to


simplify log expressions
AND solve equations
involving logs
And also remember the
change of base rule
Example 1

Solve these simultaneous equations, leaving your answer as exact


fractions:

𝑦 =20 − 3 𝑥

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 3 𝑥=𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 √ 𝑦 2
9 𝑥 =20 − 3 𝑥
3 𝑥 =√ 9
𝑦 2 →(3 𝑥 +5)(3 𝑥 − 4)=0
𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 20=0
2
9 𝑥 =𝑦
Example 2

Solve the equation

Change to base 5

Now use substitution

𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥=2 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 𝑥=3


𝑥=125 𝑜𝑟 𝑥= 25
Your turn 1

From the
textbook
Ch 1
Ex 8
Answers

From the
textbook
Ch 1
Ex 8
Your Turn 2
Q1.

Q2.

Q3.
Solutions
Q1. Q2. Q3.
Apply

This week’s Apply Task is on solving exponential and log


equations.

This is a formative task worth 10 points


Learning Objectives

Solve equations involving logs


LESSON COMPLETE !
SEE YOU NEXT LESSON

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