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FRM 509 Assignment

resource management presentation

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Sheetanshu Gupta
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5 views

FRM 509 Assignment

resource management presentation

Uploaded by

Sheetanshu Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical Assignment

on
Global warming potential, Greenhouse effect and
contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming

PRESENTED BY-
Sheetanshu Gupta
ID No - 2067
MSc Silviculture and Agroforestry - 2021
Contents

• Global warming potential

• GWP values

• Greenhouse effect

• Contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming


Global Warming Potential
• Global warming potential (GWP) is the measure of heat absorbed by

any greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, as a multiple of the heat that

would be absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

• It has been developed as a metric to compare (relative to another gas)

the ability of each greenhouse gas to trap heat in the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) was chosen as the reference gas to be

consistent with the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change.
• The concept of global warming potential is used to balance the
ecosystem exchanges of multiple greenhouse gases, including
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
• These values are calculated by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), based on the intensity of infrared
absorption by each GHG and how long emissions remain in the
atmosphere and are calculated using a set time horizon.
• GWP is 1 for CO₂ ; For other gases it depends on the gas and the
time frame.
• Time horizon usually taken up for calculating GWP is 100 years;
although GWP for 20 years is also calculated for analytical and
comparative studies of gases having shorter lifetime.
GWP values and lifetime of some major greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere
Major greenhouse Lifetime GWP GWP
gases (yrs) 20 100
Carbon dioxide - 1 1
(CO₂)
Methane 11.8 81.2 27.9
(CH₄)
Nitrous oxide 109 273 273
(N₂O)
CFC-11 52 7430 5560
(CCl₃F)
CFC-12 102 11400 11200
(CCl₂F₂)
HCFC-22 11.9 5690 1960
(CHClF₂)
HFC-134a 14 4140 1530
(CH₂FCF₃)

Source : IPCC AR6 (2021)


Greenhouse
effect
• Greenhouse effect is the process by which thermal radiation from the planetary

surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all

directions.

• Since part of this re-radiation is sent back towards the surface and lower

atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above

what it would be in the absence of gases.

• The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual surface

temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as

greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases
• A greenhouse gas (GHG) is a gas capable of trapping solar radiation energy within

a planet's atmosphere. Greenhouse gases contribute most of the greenhouse effect

in Earth's energy budget.

• Greenhouse gases, including most diatomic gases with two different atoms (such

as CO) and all gases with three or more atoms, are able to absorb and emit IR

radiation.

• Though more than 99% of the dry atmosphere is IR transparent (because the main

constituents like N2, O2 and Ar are not directly able to absorb or emit IR radiation),

intermolecular collisions cause the energy absorbed and emitted by the greenhouse

gases to be shared with the other non IR-active gases.


Greenhouse Source Sink Importanc
gas e for
climate
Carbon dioxide Absorbs infrared
• Burning of fossil fuels • Ocean uptake
radiation; affects
• Land-use change • Photosynthesis stratospheric O₃
(deforestation)

Methane Absorbs infrared


• Biomass burning • Reactions with OH
radiation; affects
• Enteric fermentation • Microorganisms tropospheric and
stratospheric O₃ ;
• Rice paddies uptake from soils produces CO₂
Nitrous oxide • Biomass burning • Removal by soils Absorbs infrared
• Fossil fuel • Stratospheric radiation; affects
combustion photolysis and reaction stratospheric O₃
• Fertilizers with oxygen
Ozone • Catalytic chemical Absorbs
• Photochemical
reactions involving NOₓ ultraviolet and
reactions involving O₂ species infrared
radiation.
CFC • Industrial production • Dissociated in Absorbs infrared
stratosphere radiation; affects
stratospheric O₃

Sulphur dioxide • Volcanoes, coal and • Dry and wet deposition Form aerosols,
biomass burning • Reactions with OH which scatter
solar radiation
Contribution of greenhouse gases to
global warming
Gas Contribution to
greenhouse effect (%)

Water vapour ~ 60

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) ~ 26

Tropospheric Ozone (O₃) ~8

Methane (CH₄)
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) ~6
Others (CFC, HCFC, HFC etc)

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