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Political Philosophy PPt

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2 views

SSP Presentation

Political Philosophy PPt

Uploaded by

casimsiman.rea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Political

Philosophy

By:
Astronomo, John Rhey
Agenda

1. Introduction of Political
Philosophy

2. Social Contract Theories

3. Theories of Justice and


Liberty
Political - The study of fundamental questions about the
state, government, politics, liberty, justice, and
Philosophy
the enforcement of a legal code by authority.

- Addresses questions about the nature of


power, the rights of individuals, the legitimacy
of governments, and the role of citizens in
society.

- Examines both descriptive and normative


questions: what governments and political
institutions are, and what they ought to be.
Social Contract - explore the origins of
Theories society and the
legitimacy of authority.
3. The Social Contract
1. Leviathan (1651) by
(1762) by Jean-Jacques
Thomas Hobbes
Rousseau
- propose that individuals
willingly form societies
1689 and establish governance
structures based on
1651 1762 mutual agreements.

- Thomas Hobbes, John


2. Two Treatises of
Government (1689) by Locke, and Jean-Jacques
John Locke (1632-1704) Rousseau are some of the
most influential social
contract theorist.
Leviathan (1651) by Thomas
Hobbes
Hobbes’ view: In a state of nature—where there is no
government or laws—life would be "solitary, poor, nasty,
brutish, and short."

Sovereignty: an absolute sovereign is necessary to


maintain peace and prevent society from collapsing into
chaos. A complete power over its subjects is necessary
to ensure their safety and uphold social order.

Implications: Hobbes’ theory justifies a strong,


centralized authority, but has been criticized for
promoting authoritarianism.
Two Treatises of Locke’s view: Locke had a more optimistic view of
Government (1689) human nature. In his state of nature, individuals
by John Locke
possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
The role of government is to protect these rights, and
its authority derives from the consent of the governed.

Social contract: Individuals enters a social contract


to form a government that protects their natural
rights. If the government fails in its duties or becomes
tyrannical, citizens have the right to overthrow it.

Influence: Government by consent and the right to


rebellion influenced modern liberal democracy,
particularly the development of the United States
Constitution.
The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-
Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau’s view: Focuses on collective freedom,
individuals are free but lack the benefits of organized
society. True freedom can only be achieved when
individuals collectively agree to form a society governed
by the "general will"—the collective interest of the
people.

General will: General will represents the common


good, and individuals must subordinate their personal
desires to it. In doing so, they achieve freedom because
they are acting in accordance with their true interests.
Theories of Justice
and Liberty
- Delves into how societies ought to be
structured and what rights individuals
have. These theories address the
distribution of wealth, opportunities, and
freedoms, and consider how best to
balance individual rights with the
collective good.
Justice as fairness: The concept of justice as fairness,
advocates for a society in which inequalities are arranged to
A Theory of Justice benefit the least advantaged members. “Veil of ignorance” a
(1971) by John Rawls thought experiment where individuals design a society without
knowing their place in it. Rawls argued that people would choose
principles of justice that ensure fairness and equality.

Two principles of justice:

1. Each person has an equal right to basic liberties compatible


with the same liberties for others.

2. Social and economic inequalities must be arranged to benefit


the least advantaged, and positions of authority must be
accessible to all.

Liberty and equality: Rawls emphasized that liberty and


equality must coexist. The first principle guarantees
fundamental freedoms, while the second allows for economic
inequalities if they benefit the disadvantaged.
On Liberty (1859) by John
Stuart Mill
Liberty and harm principle: He advocates for the
maximum possible individual freedom, as long as it
does not harm others. This is known as the harm
principle: individuals are free to act as they wish unless
their actions harm others.

Freedom of speech and thought: Mill stressed the


importance of freedom of thought and expression,
arguing that society benefits from diverse viewpoints.
He believed that even wrong or unpopular opinions
should be expressed because their discussion helps
society refine and reinforce its understanding of truth.

Balancing freedom and authority: While Mill valued


individual liberty, he recognized the need for
government intervention in cases where individuals’
actions might cause harm to others.
Thank you for listening!

MEMBERS;

Datoy, Jappet Earl

Cubar, Christian Joseph

Megalbio, Joseph Lee

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