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Main Components of Computer Systems 1

IGCSE ICT Chp 1 Section 1.2

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Aakifah Rahman
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5 views

Main Components of Computer Systems 1

IGCSE ICT Chp 1 Section 1.2

Uploaded by

Aakifah Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

1.

2 MAIN COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER


SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 1 – TYPES AND COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES
Candidates must know and understand:
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 The role of the CPU in processing instructions entered into the computer in order to produce an
output
 Internal memory
 Characteristics of ROM and RAM

 Differences between ROM and RAM

 Input and output devices


 Characteristics of input and output devices

 Differences between input and output devices

 Backing storage
 Characteristics of backing storage
 Differences between backing storage and internal memory
SUCCESS CRITERIA

You Must: Be able to list the differences


between RAM and ROM

You Could: Explain the use of BIOS and


CMOS
STARTER
LIST OUT SOME HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE THAT YOU
WILL FIND IN THIS LAB
MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. Input devices – Example : Keyboard, Mouse


2. Output devices – Example : Monitor, Printer
3. Secondary storage devices – Example : DVD R/W Drive, Removable
Hard drive
4. Processor and Internal memory devices
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Internal Hard Disk Will be
 RAM (Random Access Memory) discussed
 ROM (Read Only Memory) today
1.2.1 CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)

 The CPU processes instructions entered into the


computer in order to produce an output
 It basically interprets and executes the commands
from the computer hardware and software
 They used to be made up of discrete components
and numerous small integrated circuits, but are now
use a single integrated circuit called a
Microprocessor
 It consists of the Control Unit (CU), an Arithmetic and
Logic Unit (ALU), and registers
1.2.2 Internal Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory)

• RAM stands for Random Access


Memory

• RAM is the part of the computer


that temporarily stores the
instructions that the computer is
running whilst the data is being
processed by the CPU.

• RAM is volatile/temporary
which means that when the
computer is turned off all data
is lost
ROM (Read Only Memory)

• ROM stands for Read Only Memory

• ROM is a built in memory that can not be


changed (Read Only).

• ROM normally holds the ‘boot’ instructions to


start the computer – without it the computer
wouldn’t know what to do when the computer
first starts up

• ROM is a non-volatile memory which means


that memory is not lost when computer is
turned off.
CLASS TASK 1

Past-paper question on Teams Class Notebook


CLASS TASK 1

Past-paper question on Teams Class Notebook –


Marking scheme

NOTE
BIOS/CMOS

• BIOS (basic input/output system) - ROM contains some coding


known as the boot file. This code tells the computer what to do
when it first starts up;
• When the computer is turned on, the BIOS carries out a hardware
check to find out if all the devices are present and whether they
are functional. Then it loads the operating system into the RAM.

• The BIOS stores the date, time and system configuration in a non-
volatile chip called a CMOS (complementary metal oxide
semiconductor) – this is usually battery powered.
RAM VS ROM
1.2.3 &1.2.4 INPUT, OUTPUT AND STORAGE DEVICES

 Will be discussed in detail in Chapter 2 & Chapter 4


CLASS TASK 2 – SORT THE CARDS INTO “INPUT” AND
“OUTPUT”

They can be fairly


They are capable of They can send data to complicated as they
receiving data from another device but have to ensure that the
another device in order cannot receive data user can interact with
to generate output, but from another device the computer correctly
cannot send data to
another device
They are necessary for It takes output data
a computer to receive from a computer and
commands from its puts it in a human
users readable format
They are usually less They are necessary for
Allows a user to enter
complex as they have a computer so that a
data into a computer
to turn computer computer’s processing
directly
signals into an output can be shared with
humans
1.2.4 BACKING
STORAGE
 The main memories in a
computer are RAM and
ROM
 But Backing storage is
used for permanently
store large amounts of
data.
 This normally takes the
form of the internal hard
disk drive (HDD) or
solid-state drive (SSD).
PLENARY
PLENARY - ANSWER
REVISION QUIZ FOR 1.1 AND 1.2

 https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/66d7ffbb2c396f1155f21cb0?source=quiz_share

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