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WEEK 1-Intermolecular-forces-IMF

General Chemistry

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33 views40 pages

WEEK 1-Intermolecular-forces-IMF

General Chemistry

Uploaded by

zennith861
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Intermolecular forces

(IMF)
Essential Learnings: At the end of the lesson
the students will be able to;

define and understand the concept of electronegativity.

describe trends in electronegativity across the periodic table.


Intermolecular forces (IMF)
• are the forces which mediate
interaction between molecules,
including forces of attraction or
repulsion which act between molecules
and other types of neighboring
particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
“Opposites attract and alikes repulse”
Polar (dipole)
and Non-polar
(non-dipole)
What Are
Polar Bonds?

Bonds are polar when one element in a


compound is more electronegative
than the other. This creates a dipole in
the molecule where one end of the
molecule is partially positive and
one end is partially negative.
Examples
When two polar molecules are near each
other, the negative end of one molecule is
attracted to the positive end of the other.
What are non-
polar covalent
bonds?

• A non-polar covalent
bond is a type of
chemical bond that is
formed when
electrons are shared
equally between
two atoms.
Examples
Exercise • CARBON DISULFIDE
• SULFUR DIFLUORIDE
• NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• OXYGEN DICHLORIDE
is a measure of an
atom's ability to attract
What Is Electronegativity?
shared electrons to
itself.
What Is Electronegativity?
Covalent
bond and
ionic bond
Covalent bonding involves Ionic bonds form when two
the sharing of electrons or more ions come together
between two or more atoms. and are held together by
NM AND NM charge differences. M TO NM
Ionic compounds are often solids,
and form crystals.
Example: Table salt
Compound with covalent
bonds
Example: Carbon dioxide
Cation and Anion
Cation
Cations are ions that are positively
charged.
Anion
Anions are ions that are
negatively charged.
Dipole – Dipole Forces

Four types of Ion – Dipole Forces

Intermolecula Van Der Waal’s Dispersion Forces


r Forces: or London Dispersion Forces

Hydrogen Bonding
Dipole – Dipole
Forces

• Dipole-dipole forces are


attractive forces between the
positive end of one polar
molecule and the negative
end of another polar
molecule.
Ion – Dipole
Forces

• An ion-dipole force is an
attractive force that results
from the electrostatic
attraction between an ion
and a neutral molecule that
has a dipole.
NaCl + H2O
Hydrogen
Bonding
• Hydrogen bonding is a special
type of dipole-dipole attraction
between molecules, not a
covalent bond to a hydrogen
atom. It results from the
attractive force between a
Hydrogen atom covalently
bonded to a very
electronegative atom such as a
N, O, or F atom and another
very electronegative atom.
Van Der Waal’s
Dispersion Forces or
London Dispersion
Forces

Dispersion forces the


weakest of all
intermolecular
forces.

Attracted forces
between Temporary
Dipole and Induced
Dipole

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