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M11-12 Writing A Position Paper

A PowerPoint presentation intended for Gr.11 students on the lesson Writing a Position Paper

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raya mae sukwahi
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64 views

M11-12 Writing A Position Paper

A PowerPoint presentation intended for Gr.11 students on the lesson Writing a Position Paper

Uploaded by

raya mae sukwahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English for Academic and Professional Purposes

WRITING A
POSITION
PAPERQUARTER 2 WEEK 11-12

Presented by: Ma'am Raya


learning competency
Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in
manifestoes

1 OBJECTIVES
Understand what a manifesto and the different forms of argument

2 Analyze arguments used by the writer/s in manifestos

3 Write an effective argumentative essay


What
does this
picture
tell you?
Dou you
like the
message
written on
this
picture?
Why or why
not?
3. Which
part of the
text did
you like
best?
Why?
What is a Manifesto?
What is a Manifesto?
a public declaration of policy and aims, especially
one issued before an election by a political party or
candidate
ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
writing argumentative/ persuasive papers need
careful planning, analysis of the audience/readers,
and sufficient evidence to prove that your opinion is
worthy of consideration.
FORMS OF ARGUMENT
1.Induction - from the particular to general
information
Inductive arguments require a leap in logic—a leap
from specific points to one believable general point

Weak connections between specific points and


generalizations cause readers to believe more in
your words rather than in facts. This results in a
general logical conclusion that is so broad; thereby,
unconvincing.
FORMS OF ARGUMENT
2. Deduction- from general to specific information

Syllogism - a three-step form of reasoning


1st step - major premise (the general statement
about a group)
2nd step - minor premise (a statement about an
individual within the group)
3rd step - conclusion (about that individual)
Errors in Logic
Williams and Colomb (2006) caution writers about three
forms of persuasion that seemingly look like arguments
1. Negotiation - looks like an argument when you and
the other party trade claims and reasons

When you negotiate, you can offer any reason you


want, so long as you reach an outcome that is
acceptable to both parties.
Errors in Logic
2. Propaganda - resembles argument because it
offers claims and reasons
In an honest argument, you must be open to the
possibility that opposing claims and reasons might
change your mind.

Propagandists, however, do not care whether or not the


reasons are clear and good. All they do is capitalize on
the emotions of the audience.
most used propaganda tactics
a. Smear technique - attacks the person who is
proposing an idea rather than attacking the idea
itself Ex: "When did you stop beating your wife?“

b. Bandwagon technique - Some people feel more


comfortable going along with the majority rather than
standing alone
Example: You believe that those who receive welfare
should submit to a drug test, but your friends tell you
that idea is crazy and they don't accept it.
most used propaganda tactics
c. Transfer technique - the propagandist
tries to associate himself or herself and/or
his/her arguments with people and ideas that
we admire or respect.

Example: "Come to where the flavor is."


most used propaganda tactics
d. Red herring tactic - the deliberate
attempt to divert attention from the real issue
by dragging in an emotional issue designed to
mislead the reader
Example:
"Wow, Dad, it's really hard to make a living on
my salary." Father: "Consider yourself lucky,
son. Why, when I was your age, I only made
$40 a week."
Errors in Logic
3. Coercion - solves the problems by threat, or by
making the cost of rejecting a claim intolerable

Some logical errors commonly made by students


in argumentative essays:
a. Hasty generalization: jumping to conclusions
without substantial proof or evidence.
Ex: All cyber love affairs will fail because the
people involved do not really know each other.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:
b. Stereotyping: a form of hasty generalization
that applied to people
Ex: Happy families make happy children.

c. Oversimplication: severe reduction of choices,


sometimes limited to a dilemma.
Ex: What is with this country? Just one thing—we
have a plethora of corrupt government officials
who do nothing but rob the people of their hard-
earned money.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:

d. False authority. Arguing that a person


who is competent in one field is
necessarily competent in another.
Ex: Professor Mateo is a renowned
professor of political science; he will
make a good politician.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:

e. Statistics. False use of numbers proves


nothing.

Ex: Slimmer’s Yogurt drink will help you lose


weight because it has only 60 calories per
100 ml.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:

f. Begging the question: arguing in


circles.
Ex: To ensure our safety, we must be
allowed to carry guns because we have
the right to have a gun to protect
ourselves.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:
g. False warrant: something has not been
disproven; therefore, we should believe
it

Ex: As no one has disproven the


inexistence of ET’s (extra-terrestrials), we
must, therefore, take reports on people
being kidnapped by aliens seriously.
Some logical errors commonly made by students
in argumentative essays:
h. Non-sequitur: reason is irrelevant to claim
Ex: My father is a good writer and so is my mom.
What made you think I can’t write?
writing the argumentative essay
1. Decide upon a topic. In choosing a topic, you
may consider what issue (academic, social,
political, moral, economic) do you feel strongly
about.
writing the argumentative essay
2. Make a list of arguments
• Be aware of the both sides of the
argument

3. Based on the information you have,


decide on a tentative thesis.
• Proposition is the thesis of an argument
paper
writing the argumentative essay
4. Select a Suitable number of strong
arguments
• The number of strong arguments depends
on your audience and the available
information.
5. Organize the supporting evidence
• Select the patterns of development that
will present your arguments to your reader
in the strongest way possible
writing the argumentative essay
6. Acknowledge different viewpoints
• Intelligent readers see arguments on the
other side called counterarguments.
7. Credit your sources

• Readers expect you to cite your evidence


from reliable sources and describe them
accurately.
Thank You
for joining
today's lesson!
Enjoy Learning!

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