Lesson 2

Second CONCEPTUAL
Quarter FRAMEWORK
 LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND
REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

•Competency:
•Illustrates and explain
conceptual framework
 REFERENCE/S

•DepEd PR 2 Module 3,
Quarter 1
REVIEW

What are the

differences between
conceptual and
theoretical framework?
 These are the following guidelines and
strategies of choosing and developing a
Research Framework according to Barrot
(2017, p.73).
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 Identify the key concepts

in your study by
referring to your
research questions or
objectives.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 Search for existing

theories that
incorporate the same
concept and look into
their relationships
with one another.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 Using the existing

theories as a guide,
plot your conceptual
framework using a
concept map.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 In case that there are

concepts not covered by the
selected theories. Incorporate
them into your framework.
However, make sure that you
are incorporating this concept
into your framework because
it is necessary for your paper.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 After completing the initial

draft of your conceptual
framework, write a narrative
explanation of each concept
and how each of them relates
to one another. Again, there
should be a basis for the
relationship between the
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 Refer once again to

your research
questions. Check if
the conceptual
framework is aligned
with them.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 Note that the process of

creating a conceptual
framework is developmental.
This means that it may still
be refined or changed as you
read more literature and look

into more theories.

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 In some cases, the

research hypothesis is
presented at the end
of the conceptual

framework.
 CONCEPT MAP

A concept map is a visual representation of

information that helps show the
relationship between ideas. Concept maps
begin with the main topic and then branch
out into sub-topics, reflecting the
connection of all the elements in the study.
It can also provide and organize new ideas.
 CONCEPT MAP

 It is composed of different figures

such as lines, circles, boxes, and
other marks or symbols which
represent the elements of your
research. It can take the form of
charts, graphic organizers, tables,
flowcharts, Venn Diagrams,
timelines, or T-charts. Concept
map arranges related ideas in a
 CONCEPT MAP

You start broad, and the sub-topics will

get more and more specific. It also helps
you in formulating a specific topic from the
general or the main idea with significant
connections of information. In other words,
understanding the big picture makes the
details more significant and easier to
 CONCEPT MAP

Concept maps are very useful for

researchers and readers who understand
better visually. With the proper
connection of lines and linking arrows to
shapes and other symbols representing
your concepts about the research, the
readers can visualize a comprehensive
 However, in the concept map,
you are not yet actually researching
your study. It is developing or
creating your plan or blueprint so
CONCEPT that you will be guided on the flow
MAP
and direction of your research
study. And that includes your
Look in the slide
notes below for research questions, variables, and
topics to consider
talking about methodology. It means that you are
just gathering and soliciting ideas
on what you could learn about your
 Before creating your
conceptual framework, you have to
understand first the different variables
DIFFERENT of your study. Although these were
VARIABLES
already discussed in the previous
module for the purpose of utilizing it in
your framework, an in-depth concept is
a need.
• The independent variable is the
“presumed cause” of the research problem.
It is the reason for any “change” or
difference in a dependent variable. It can
be purposely manipulated by the
researcher, depending on the focus of the
study.
• The dependent variable is the
“presumed effect” of the
research problem. It is usually
the problem itself or the element
that is being questioned.
• The moderating variable is an independent
variable which influences the direction and
the strength of the connection between

independent and dependent variables.

• Mediating variable or Intervening
variable is an element that exists
between the independent to the
dependent variable. A mediator (or
mediating) variable is an integral part of
the cause-effect relationship and helps
us to understand the effects of the
independent variable on the dependent
variable.
 THE INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT (IPO)

• The Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) is

a conceptual paradigm which indicates the inputs,
required process, and the output. This approach is
seated on the premise of acquiring essential
information by converting inputs into outputs
through the required processing steps in obtaining
the result.
 THE INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT (IPO) The IPO Model is also referred to
as a functional model that is
usually used in action research
where an intervention or solution
is necessary to solve the
identified problem.
The Input is usually the
independent variable of the
study. Meanwhile,
the Process is the
intervention or solution
consist of the instruments
and analyses used to acquire
the result. Lastly,
the Output is the findings or
COMMON EXAMPLE
As you read on different
research studies, the common
conceptual frameworks used of
most studies are the
independent and dependent
variable model and the input,
 A. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

•A. Independent Variable –

Dependent Variable Model (IV-
DV)
 IV-DV

• Independent Variable Dependent

Variable
 This conceptual framework shows
the independent and dependent
variables of the study. It is
presumed that the greater number
of hours a student prepares for the
exam, the higher would be the
expected academic performance.
INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT MODEL
 This conceptual framework shows the input,
process, and output approach of the study.
The input is the independent variable, which
includes the socio-demographic and food
safety profile of the respondents. The process
includes the tools and analyses in gathering
the data, while the output is the outcome
based on the results of the study.
 EXAMPLE 1

Research Title: Effect of Mentoring

Program on Academic Performance
among Senior High School Students
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Effects of Academic
Mentoring Performance of
Program the students
 In this conceptual framework,
it is expected that the students
who underwent the mentoring
program will have better
academic performance than
those who did not.
 EXAMPLE 2

Research Title: Safety Awareness

Precaution against COVID 19
among the Senior Citizens in the
Home Care Facilities
C ON C E P TU A
L PARAD IGM
 Spot the Variable (Part 1). Write inside the
proper place/ box.
Research Title: Medical Intervention and
the Number of Patients Recovering from
Pneumonia
AC T IVIT Y 2
 ELEMENTS /FACTORS

2. Work
4. Social
1. Health Care Experience of 3. Medical
Status of the
Facilities the Medical intervention
Patient
Team
5. Number of
Patients 6. Immune
7. Patient’s
Recovered System of the
Employment
from Patient
Pneumonia
PARADIGM