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Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is a method that combines error correction codes and retransmissions to improve data transmission reliability. It involves encoding information at the transmitter for error detection and partial error correction, storing erroneous received codewords, and combining retransmissions with soft combining methods like Chase combining or incremental redundancy. Turbo codes can be used for the error correction coding and HARQ protocols like stop-and-wait can implement HARQ type I for packet retransmissions. HARQ is used in technologies like LTE and local area networks.

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Hemo A Alsharif
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61 views

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is a method that combines error correction codes and retransmissions to improve data transmission reliability. It involves encoding information at the transmitter for error detection and partial error correction, storing erroneous received codewords, and combining retransmissions with soft combining methods like Chase combining or incremental redundancy. Turbo codes can be used for the error correction coding and HARQ protocols like stop-and-wait can implement HARQ type I for packet retransmissions. HARQ is used in technologies like LTE and local area networks.

Uploaded by

Hemo A Alsharif
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hybrid automatic repeat request

The supervision of Dr / Ghassan Dahman Prepare students : 1. Abdullah Al-Shamrani 2. Nayef Omar Yamani 3. Mohammed Salman 4. Ibrahim Al Harazi

Overview
1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Simple Hybrid Hybrid ARQ with soft combining Using Turbo Code Application References

Introduction
 Hybrid Automatic Repeat re Quest (HARQ or Hybrid
ARQ) is a sheme wherein information blocks are encoded for partial error correction at receiver and additional, uncorrected errors are retransmitted.

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Simple Hybrid


FEC, ARQ, hybrid ARQ and retransmission strategies.

 FEC Forward Error Correction


 Channel code used to only correct errors.

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Simple Hybrid
 ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
 Channel code used to detect errors.  A feedback channel is present
If no detected errors, an acknowledgement (ACK) is sent back to transmitter. If there are detected errors, a negative acknowledgement (NACK) is sent back.

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Simple Hybrid
Retransmission if NACK or no ACK. Several retransmission strategies: Stop and wait, go-back-N, selective repeat, etc. Selective repeat has better throughout performance than the others in the presence of propagation delays. However, throughput of stop and wait and selective repeat protocols are the same if no transmission delay is assumed.

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Simple Hybrid
 Two generic types of hybrid FEC/ARQ. Type I hybrid ARQ:
Discard erroneous received code word. Retransmit until packet correctly received or until pre-set number of retransmissions is achieved. Small buffer size required but an inefficient scheme.

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Simple Hybrid
Type II hybrid ARQ:
Store erroneous received code word. Optimally combine with retransmitted code word. Exploit incremental redundancy concept Effective Code rate is gradually lowered until packet is decoded correctly. System adapts to varying channel conditions. Larger buffer size required than Type-I but is a very efficient scheme.

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Simple Hybrid

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Hybrid ARQ with soft combining


 Is a data reception received by mistake, then correct them in a certain way . How it works: 1. Received coded data stored incorrectly. 2. The two blocks are combined .

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Hybrid ARQ with soft combining


o There are two main soft combining methods in HARQ: 1. Chase combining . A. Retransmission contains. B. The receiver. 2. Incremental redundancy. Incremental redundancy HARQ is HSDPA

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Hybrid ARQ with soft combining

 Symbols that can be used :


1. extended irregular repeat-accumulate (EIRA) code . 2. Efficiently-E ncodable Rate-Compatible (E2RC) code

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Hybrid ARQ with soft combining

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Using Turbo Code

A. Turbo codes :
Imposing a structure on the transmitted bit sequence.If the received bit sequence does not match this known structure ,the receiver knows an error has occurred. If the number of error is low enough and receiver can determine reconstruct the correct sequence .

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Using Turbo Code

B. Turbo Encoder :
Two Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) encoders are arranged in parallel, to construct a turbo encoder. The encoders are combined with a random interleaver, together with a puncturing block, as seen in Fig. 2

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Using Turbo Code

C. Turbo Decoder :
The Turbo decoder is built in the similar way as the turbo encoder. Two elementary decoders are interconnected to each other, but in serial way, not parallel. An iterative decoding is proposed in which is basically a modification of the algorithm

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Using Turbo Code

D. Decoding Algorithms : The decoding algorithms are divided into two different families. The family is categorized based on the trellis-based detection algorithm.

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Using Turbo Code E. ARQ Protocols : The most popular ARQ protocols are: 1. stop-and wait. 2. go-back-N. 3. selective repeat . we present the performance of hybrid ARQ which implies stop and wait protocols .

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Using Turbo Code F. HARQ type I using Turbo code : The performance of hybrid ARQ based on Turbo-codes has been evaluated. Fig.2

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Application

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Application

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Application
HARQ In LTE (Long Term Evolution)  The LTE downlink HARQ is asynchronous and adaptive. every downlink transmission is accompanied by an explicit signaling of control information.  The uplink HARQ process is synchronous, and it can be non adaptive or adaptive.  Under a non adaptive HARQ process, because of the absence of the explicit signaling, the RV is a predefined value, which depends on the retransmission instance.

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Using Turbo Code HARQ In Local Area Network Hybrid ARQ is used in a high-speed Local area network standard that can operate at data rates up to 1 G bit/s over existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables). high-speed Local area uses CRC-32C for Error Detection, LDPC for Forward Error Correction and Selective Repeat for ARQ.

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