University of Baghdad

Al-Khwarizmi Collage of Engineering

Biomedical Engineering Dep.

DC. Electrical Circuits Analysis

2nd Stage, 1st Semester

Lecture # 02
2021-2022

By
Assist. Lec. Bashar Saad Falih
Series-Parallel Networks
HW. By using Current Divider Rule Find the Values of R1,R2 and R3.
Hint: The total Voltage is 24 volts and total Current is 68mA
Series-Parallel Networks –
Reduce and Return
Approach
Series-parallel networks are networks
that contain both series and parallel
circuit configurations

For many single-source, series-parallel

networks, the analysis is one that
works back to the source, determines
the source current, and then finds its
way to the desired unknown.

FIGURE 7.1 Introducing the

reduce and return approach.
 Series-Parallel Networks
Block Diagram Approach

The block diagram

approach will be
employed throughout
to emphasize the fact
that combinations of
elements, not simply
single resistive
elements, can be in
series or parallel.

FIGURE 7.2 Introducing the block diagram approach.

 Ex. 7-1 If each block of Fig.7.3 were a single resistive element, the
network of Fig. 7.4 might result.

FIGURE 7.4

FIGURE 7.3

6k I s  1 1
IB   I s  9mA 3 mA
6k  12k 3 3
12k I s  2 2
IC   I s  9mA 6 mA
12k  6k 3 3
 Ex. 7-2 It is also possible that the blocks A, B, and C of Fig. 7.2 contain
the elements and configurations in Fig. 7.5. Working with each region:

A : RA 4 
B : RB R2 // R3 R2 // 3
R 4
  2 
N 2
C : RC R4  R5 R4,5 2 

FIGURE 7.5
R 2
RB // C   1 
N 2
RT RA  RB // C 4   1  5 
E 10V
Is   2 A
RT 5 
FIGURE 7.6
 I A I s 2 A
I A Is 2 A
I B I C    1 A
2 2 2
IB
I R2 I R3  0.5 A
2
FIGURE 7.6

V A I A R A 2 A4   8 V
VB I B RB 1 A2   2 V
VC VB 2 V
 Ex. 7-3 Another possible variation of Fig. 7.2 appears in Fig. 7.7.

RA R1// 2 
9  6  
9 6
54 
 3.6 
15
RB R3  R4 // 5 4  
9  3  
9   3
4   2  6 
RC 3  FIGURE 7.7

FIGURE 7.8 RT RA  RB // C 3.6  

6  3  
6   3
3.6   2  5.6 
E 16.8V
Is   3 A
RT 5.6 
I A I s 3 A
Applying the current divider rule yields R2 I A
I1 
IB 
RC I A

3  3 A
1 A R2  R1
RC  RB 3   6  6  3 A

By Kirchhoff ' s current law, 6 9
I C I A  I B 3 A  1 A 2 A 1.2 A
By Ohm' s law, I 2  I A  I1
VA I A RA 3 A3.6   10.8 V 3 A  1.2 A
VB I B RB VC I C RC 2 A3   6 V 1.8 A
 Series-Parallel Networks - Descriptive
Examples
Ex. 7-4 Find the current I4 and the voltage V2 for the network of Fig. 7.2 .
E E 12V
I4    1.5 A
RB R4 8 
RD R2 // R3 3  // 6  2 
RD E
V2 
RD  RC


2  12V 
4 V FIGURE 7.9
2  4

FIGURE 7.10 FIGURE 7.11

Ex. 7-5 Find the indicated currents and the voltages for the network of Fig. 7.12 .

FIGURE 7.12
FIGURE 7.13
R 6
R1// 2   3 
N 2
RA R1// 2 // 3 
3  2   6 
 1.2 
3  2  5

RB R4 // 5 
8  12   96 
 4.8 
8   12  20
 RT R1// 2 // 3  R4 // 5
1.2   4.8  6 
E 24 V
Is   4 A
RT 6
FIGURE 7.13

V1 I s R1// 2 // 3 4 A1.2   4.8V

V2 I s R4 // 5 4 A4.8   19.2 V

V5 19.2 V
I4   2.4 A
R4 8
V2 V1 4.8V
I2    0.8 A
R2 R2 6
Ex. 7-6 a. Find the voltages V1, V2, and Vab for the network of Fig. 7.14.
b. Calculate the source current Is.

FIGURE 7.14 FIGURE 7.15

a.
A pplying the voltage divider rule yields A pplying K irchhoff ' s voltage law around

V1 
R1 E

5  1 2 V 
 7 .5 V
the indicated loop of F ig .
R1  R 2 5  3  V 1  V 3  V ab 0
R3 E  6  1 2 V  V ab V 3  V 1 9 V  7 .5 V 1.5 V
V3    9V
R3  R4 6  2 
b.
B y O hm ' s law , Applying Kirchhoff’s current law,
V 1 7 .5 V Is = I1 + I3 = 1.5A + 1.5A = 3A
I1    1.5 A
R1 5
V3 9V
I3    1.5 A
R3 6 
 Ex. 7-7 For the network of Fig. 7.16, determine the voltages V1 and V2 and
current I.

FIGURE 7.17
FIGURE 7.16
A pplying K C L to node a yields
I  I1  I 2  I 3
V2 = – E1 = – 6V
V1 E 1 E1
  
Applying KVL to the loop R1 R 4 R 2  R 3
E1 – V1 + E2 = 0 24 V 6V 6V
  
V1 = E2 + E1 =18V + 6V = 24V 6  6  12 
 4 A  1 A  0 .5 A  5.5 A
Ex. 7-9 Calculate the indicated currents and voltage of Fig.7.17.

FIGURE 7.17.

E 72V 72V
I5    3mA
R(1, 2,3) // 4  R5 12k  12k 24k

V7 
R7 //(8,9) E

4.5k 72V  324V
 19.6V
9 kΩ R7 //(8,9)  R6 4.5k  12k 16.5
V7 19.6V
I6   4.35mA
R7 //(8,9) 4.5k
Is = I5 + I6 = 3 mA +4.35 mA = 7.35 mA
Series-Parallel Networks – Ladder
Networks
A three-section ladder appears in Fig. 7.19.

FIGURE 7.19. Ladder network.

FIGURE 7.20.

RT  5   3   8 
E 240V
Is    30 A
RT 8

FIGURE 7.21.
 I1  I s
I s 30 A
I3    15 A
2 2

I6 
6   I 3
6
 1 5 A   1 0 A
6  3 9
V 6  I 6 R 6  1 0 A 2    2 0 V
H.W. This Homework demonstrates the power of Kirchhoff’s voltage law
by determining the voltages V1, V2, and V3 for the network of Fig.7.17.

FIGURE 7.17.
Ex. 7-10 This example demonstrates the power of Kirchhoff’s voltage law
by determining the voltages V1, V2, and V3 for the network of Fig.7.18.

FIGURE 7.17. FIGURE 7.18.

F or the path 1,  E 1  V 1  E 3 0
V 1  E 1  E 3 2 0 V  8 V 1 2 V
F or the path 2 ,  E 2  V 1  V 2 0
V 2  E 2  V 1 5 V  1 2 V  7 V
F or the path 3 ,  V 3  V 2  E 3 0
V 3  E 3  V 2 8 V  (  7 V ) 1 5 V
 Dependent source

In the theory of electrical networks, a dependent

source is a voltage source or a current source whose
value depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in
Voltage-controlled voltage source Current-controlled voltage source

Voltage-controlled current source Current-controlled current source