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Atmosphare

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Atmosphare

presentation 1

Uploaded by

Obaid Ullah Sajid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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27-03-2020

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT


THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from


a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a
temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere.

It is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface.

The Earth’s surface receives energy from two


sources: the sun & the atmosphere
Heat from the sun shines
onto the Earth.

It passes through a
blanket of gases in
our atmosphere.
Some of the heat
energy is reflected
back into space.

Some of the heat energy


is absorbed by the
blanket of gases.
The ‘greenhouse’ gases are
essential to life on Earth. Without
them heat energy would escape
back into space.

Earth would be a
very chilly place
with an average
temperature of
-18°C !
The greenhouse gases help to keep
the temperature of the earth in
balance. This process is called the
GREENHOUSE EFFECT.

The gases work a bit


like glass in a
greenhouse to trap in
warmth.
But the earth is
getting warmer and
warmer.
WHY?
Human activities are creating
more greenhouse gases
including carbon dioxide, CO2.

As we burn more
fossil fuels, for
example, the
blanket of
greenhouse gases
becomes thicker.
More greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere mean that more
heat energy is absorbed.

We call this increase


in the temperature
of the earth
‘global warming’.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
incoming outgoing
GREENHOUSE GASES
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are
called greenhouse gases.
•Greenhouse gases absorbs some amount of infrared radiations and
re-emits it, a result of this feature warms atmosphere’s surface.
•Amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are even less than
to 1%.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)


Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Ozone (O3)
Methane (CH4)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Absorption Spectra of Atmospheric Gases
Visible
UV Infrared

CH4
N2O
O2 & O3
CO2
H2O
atmosphere

WAVELENGTH (micrometers)
Greenhouse gas Sources Sinks Importance for the
climate
Carbon dioxide gas Generated due to Photosynthesis of plants Absorbs infrared
(CO2) deforestation and and uptake of ocean radiation and affects
burning of fuels ozone
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Generates from By soils Absorbs infrared
fertilizers, combustion of radiation and affects
fossil fuel and burning of ozone
biomass

Methane (CH4) It is generated from Have reactions with OH Absorbs infrared


burning of biomass and and uptake of soil radiations, affects ozone
from paddies of rice and generated carbon
dioxide

Ozone (O3) Generated from The catalytic reactions Absorbs infrared


photochemical reactions that involve distinct radiations and ultraviolet
that involve oxygen species radiations
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) It is generated from Dry deposition and wet Aerosols are formed and
volcanoes and burning of depositions are the sinks they scatter solar
coal and biomass radiation
Chlorofluorocarbons Generated from the Troposphere and Absorbs infrared
(CFCs) industries stratosphere radiation and affects
ozone
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Generated from Have reactions with OH Generates carbon
emissions of plants and and uptake of soil dioxide and affects
industries cycles of OH
Selected Greenhouse Gases

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)


– Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation

Anthropogenic increase: 30%

Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years
 Methane (CH4)
– Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay
from landfills, mining

Anthropogenic increase: 145%

Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
– Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers)

Anthropogenic increase: 15%

Average atmospheric residence time: 140-190 years
WHAT CAN WE DO?

We can choose simpler and more sustainable ways to live our life.

For example, we can:


•Reduce the amount of waste we produce, and make sure to reuse and
recycle too
•Switch to renewable energy sources
•Take public transport, walk, run, cycle…
•Plant trees
•Turn off lights when not in use
Consequences of Increased Greenhouse Effect:
The consequences that arise due to increasing in greenhouse effect are as
below:
Global warming
Rise in sea level
Depletion of ozone layer in the stratosphere
Carbon dioxide fertilization effect on plants

Potential Impact on Human Life:


Due to a greenhouse effect, parameters that act as a potential impact on
human life are as below:
Economic impact
Effects on aquatic system
Agricultural impact
Effects on hydrological cycle
Summary

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation and prevent it


from escaping to space.

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are very good


at capturing energy at wavelengths that other compounds
miss
Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
•The “greenhouse effect” & global warming
are not the same thing.
–Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the
surface of the earth

•An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases


leads to an increase in the magnitude of the greenhouse
effect (Called enhanced greenhouse effect)

–This results in global warming


GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS


Rising sea levels flooding of coastal/low-lying
areas, harm water supply, shift in crop patterns

Change in growing seasons

Warmer temps more evaporation ? drier soils

Animal/plant habitat expands or contracts

More cloud cover

Stronger hurricanes farther north/south due to
warmer ocean temps
WAYS TO STOP GLOBAL WARMING
1. Change a light
Replacing one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb will
save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
2. Drive less
Walk, bike, carpool or take mass transit more often. You'll save one
pound of carbon dioxide for every mile you don't drive!
3. Recycle more
You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide per year by recycling just
half of your household waste.
4. Check your tires
Keeping your tires inflated properly can improve your gas mileage by
more than 3 percent. Every gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of
carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
5. Use less hot water
It takes a lot of energy to heat water. Use less hot water by taking shorter
and cooler showers and washing your clothes in cold or warm instead of
hot water (more than 500 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per year).
WAYS TO STOP GLOBAL WARMING

7. Avoid products with a lot of packaging


You can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide if you reduce your garbage
by 10 percent.
8. Adjust your thermostat
Moving your thermostat down just 2 degrees in winter and up 2 degrees
in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
9. Plant a tree
A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime.
10. Turn off electronic devices
Simply turning off your television, DVD player, stereo, and computer,
when you're not using them, will save you thousands of pounds of carbon
dioxide a year.

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