DOMESTIC

WATER
HEATING
GROUP 4

PRESENTORS:
JOHN BRYAN DAGUMAN
RAY MC. LANE SUBAD
VANN JEFFREY AGNO
EDGARDO DABBAN
M-JAY RAYMUNDO
 Agenda
KEY TOPICS DISCUSSED IN
THIS PRESENTATION

• Consumption
• Types of Water Heaters
• Storage Tank Water Heaters
• Energy Efficiency
• Hot Water Circulating Systems

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CONSUMPTION

The U.S. Department of Energy reports

that the average U.S. household consumes
about 60 gal (228 L) of hot water per day,
about 15 gal/person (57 L/person) per day.
An average Euro pean uses daily 36 L (10
gal) of 60°C hot water per day. Energy
consumption for heating domestic water is
the second largest energy user (after
space heating) in the residential sector in
in dustrialized countries, accounting for
about 14% of the energy used in a typical
household. Typical hot water usage in a
U.S. household by percentage is listed in
Table 13.14
TYPES OF WATER HEATERS

• A water heater is an appliance or system that heats water for domestic or building service hot
water use. There are three types of water heaters: storage tank water heaters, instanta neous on-
demand (tankless) water heaters, and circulating water heaters.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER
1 2HEATERS 3 4
A residential A gas connection to Plumbing connections A short storage tank
storage tank a residential to a residential water heater.
water heater. storage tank water storage tank water
heater. Note the heater. Dielectric
drain valve on the unions are used to
right side of the minimize a galvanic
tank. reaction between the
copper pipes and the
water heater.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER
5 6 HEATERS
7 8 9
A commercial, Two ultraefficient, A gas-fired A water heating
A commercial, electric storage gas-fired, power- instantaneous boiler that
gas-fired storage tank water heater. vented, storage tank water heater. provides hot
tank water heater Note the presence water heaters water to a
of an electrical connected in series. commercial
connection and lack Note the drain pans at building.
of presence of a the base of each unit
vent. ( that are designed to
drain water into a
floor drain.
 Storage Tank
Water
Heaters
A STORAGE TANK WATER HEATER CONSISTS ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS HAVE COIL-LIKE
OF A STORAGE TANK AND A HEATING MEDIUM. ELEMENTS THAT EXTEND INTO THE TANK,
TYPICALLY, STORAGE TANK SIZES INCLUDE 30, WHICH HEAT WATER AS ELECTRIC CURRENT
40, 50, 60, 65, 75, 80, 100, AND 120-GAL PASSES THROUGH THE ELEMENTS. SEE
(120- TO 400-L) CAPACITY. THEY ARE FIGURE 13.11. GAS AND FUEL OIL FIRED
AVAILABLE IN NATURAL GAS, PROPANE (LP), WATER HEATERS HAVE BURNERS LOCATED ON
FUEL OIL, AND ELECTRIC MODELS. STORAGE THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK AND A VENT THAT
TANK WATER HEATERS REMAIN THE MOST PASSES UP THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE
POPULAR TYPE FOR RESIDENTIAL HEATING TANK. THE VENT TUBE EXTRACTS RESIDUAL
NEEDS IN THE UNITED STATES. AN AVERAGE- HEAT FROM THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
SIZE, THREE-BEDROOM RESIDENCE USES A BEFORE THE GASES ARE EXHAUSTED TO THE
50-GAL (200-L) WATER HEATER. TOP OF THE TANK INTO A VENT THAT CARRIES
THEM OUTDOORS. SEE FIGURE 13.12.
Storage Tank Water
Heaters
Storage Tank Water
Heaters

Types of storage tank water

heaters
1.Residential storage tank water
heaters
are designed for the residential market,
but can be appropriate for many small
commercial facilities. These water 3. Ultraefficient water heaters
heaters, which are available with tank
sizes up to 120 gal and gas inputs up to
75 000 Btu/hr, are manufactured in large use power burners and en
quantities. As a result, they are hanced heat exchangers to force
relatively inex pensive and widely hot combustion gasses into
chambers and tubes that are
2. available
Commercial storage tank water submerged in the stored water.
heaters Ultraefficient water heaters are
are similar to residential models except
that they are available with much higher vented with plastic pipes that go
gas input ratings (1 000 000 Btu/hr or directly through an outside wall.
more) and larger storage tanks (up to Because they draw combustion
250 gal). They also feature larger pipe air directly from outside,
connections, more rugged controls, and through one of those pipes,
a few features that are only rarely found their combustion processes are
in residential heaters, such as flue sealed off from the occupied
space.
Storage Tank Water
Heaters

Storage tank water heaters can also be

classified on their method of venting:

• nonventing (electric),
• naturally aspirated,
• power vented, and
• sealed combustion.

• Naturally aspirated water heaters

have a flue that runs vertically
through the center of the tank.
Products of combustion are vented
by relying on the natural buoyancy of
the flue gases.
Storage Tank Water
Heaters

Storage tank water heaters can also be

classified on their method of venting:

• nonventing (electric),
• naturally aspirated,
• power vented, and
• sealed combustion.

• Power-vented water heaters use a

fan to exhaust flue gases. Sealed-
combustion water heaters have
supply air and exhaust air
connections to the outdoors.

• These units do not require any indoor

air to operate.
Instantaneous
(Tankless) Water
Heaters
INSTANTANEOUS WATER HEATERS,
SOMETIMES CALLED TANKLESS WATER
HEATERS OR DEMAND WATER HEATERS,
SUPPLY HOT WATER ON DEMAND.

THEY DO NOT RELY ON A STANDBY STORAGE IN A

TANK TO ARTIFICIALLY BOOST THEIR CAPACITY.
INSTEAD, THEY HAVE A HEATING DEVICE THAT IS
ACTIVATED BY THE FLOW OF WATER WHEN A HOT
WATER VALVE IS OPENED. ONCE ACTIVATED, THE
HEATER DELIVERS A CONSTANT SUPPLY OF HOT
WATER. THE OUTPUT OF THE HEATER, HOWEVER,
LIMITS THE RATE OF THE HEATED WATER FLOW.
THEY ARE MORE EFFICIENT BECAUSE THEY DO NOT
HAVE ANY TANK STANDBY LOSSES.
Circulating Water
Heaters
CIRCULATING WATER HEATERS THE HEAT EXCHANGER MAY BE A
CONSIST OF A SEPARATE STORAGE SEPARATE UNIT THAT IS HEATED BY
TANK THAT STORES WATER HEATED STREAM OR HOT WATER FROM A
BY A HEAT EXCHANGER. BOILER OR MAY BE CONTAINED IN A
BOILER.

Tankless Coil and

Indirect Water Heaters
A BUILDING’S SPACE HEATING BOILER CAN ALSO BE USED TO HEAT WATER.
TWO TYPES OF WATER HEATERS THAT USE THIS SYSTEM ARE TANKLESS COIL
AND INDIRECT. NO SEPARATE STORAGE TANK IS NEEDED IN THE TANKLESS
COIL WATER HEATER BECAUSE WATER IS HEATED DIRECTLY INSIDE THE
BOILER IN A HYDRONIC (HOT WATER) HEATING SYSTEM.
Tankless Coil and
Indirect Water Heaters

THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH A HEAT

EXCHANGER IN THE BOILER WHENEVER A HOT
WATER FAUCET IS OPENED. DURING COLDER
MONTHS, THE TANKLESS COIL WORKS WELL
BECAUSE THE HEATING SYSTEM IS USED
REGULARLY. HOW EVER, THE SYSTEM IS LESS
EFFICIENT DURING WARMER MONTHS AND IN
WARMER CLIMATES WHEN THE BOILER IS USED
LESS FREQUENTLY OR NOT AT ALL; THAT IS, THE
BOILER MUST OPERATE WHEN HOT WATER IS
NEEDED.
Heat Pump Water
Heaters
HEAT PUMP WATER HEATERS USE AN ELECTRIC
MOTOR TO RUN A COMPRESSOR.

THE COMPRESSOR DRAWS A GASEOUS

REFRIGERANT THROUGH AN EVAPORATOR,
RAISING ITS PRESSURE UNTIL IT LIQUEFIES IN THE
CONDENSER.

THIS HEAT PUMPING PROCESS HEATS THE

CONDENSER AND COOLS THE EVAPORATOR.
FREQUENTLY OR NOT AT ALL; THAT IS, THE BOILER
MUST OPERATE WHEN HOT WATER IS NEEDED.
Solar Water Heaters
A SOLAR WATER HEATER TYPICALLY
INCLUDES COLLECTORS MOUNTED ON THE
ROOF OR IN A CLEAR AREA OF THE YARD, A
SEPARATE STORAGE TANK NEAR THE
CONVENTIONAL HEATER IN THE HOME,
CONNECTING PIPES, AND AN ELECTRONIC
CONTROLLER.

SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS CAN

REDUCE THE ANNUAL FUEL COST OF
SUPPLYING HOT WATER TO A RESIDENCE
BY MORE THAN HALF. THERE IS, HOWEVER,
THE ADDED COST OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
Desuperheaters

A DESUPERHEATERS AN ATTACHMENT TO
AN AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP THAT
ALLOWS WASTE HEAT FROM THAT DEVICE
TO ASSIST IN HEAT ING DOMESTIC WATER.
IN HOT CLIMATES, A DESUPERHEATER CAN
PRO VIDE MOST OF A HOME’S HOT WATER
NEEDS
Energy Efficiency
The energy factor (EF) is a standardized measure used to
ex press the efficiency of residential heaters. It was
developed by the U.S. Department of Energy.

It represents the amount of heat required to warm up hot

water for a typical home in a year, divided by the amount
of energy input into the heater to warm that water.

A water heater with an EF of 0.60 transfers 60% of the

energy it consumes to the hot water; the remaining energy
is vented outdoors as waste heat. The higher the EF, the
more en ergy efficient the water heater and the less energy
consumed.
Hot Water
Recirculating
System
In many medium and large commercial buildings
and even some residences, a hot water
recirculating system continuously circulates hot
water from the water-heating unit through the hot
water supply piping and back to the water heater
through hot water recirculating piping. This
ensures that hot water is always available at the
taps, thus avoiding the need to run water for a
long time to obtain water at the desired
temperature.
Hot Water Recirculating
System
Three types of hot water recirculating strategies

Continuous Recirculating

In continuous recirculating, water is

constantly recirculated from the water
heater through the piping. This type of
system is best suited for buildings having
round-the-clock occupancy. Hospitals and
multiunit residential buildings typically
require continuous hot water recirculating
Hot Water Recirculating
System
Three types of hot water recirculating strategies

Continuous Recirculating

Noncirculating hot water

Hot Water Recirculating
System
Three types of hot water recirculating strategies

Timed Recirculating Thermostatically Controlled Recirculat

Timed recirculating involves use Thermostatically controlled

of an electronic or electro recirculating relies on a sensor
mechanical timer to shut off located at a remote location in
circulation of hot water when the the recirculating line, which
building is not occupied. This senses water temperature and
shutdown would apply to activates the recirculating pump
commercial, institutional, and when water temperature drops
industrial buildings that are below a predetermined setting.
closed at night and/or on
weekends.
THANK
YOU!!!