A Presentation

on
Computer Application
Department of Computer Applications.

Presented by: Anika Bhandari

(A.P.Computer Application Dept.)
Email:- [email protected]

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Department of Computer Applications
 Switching techniques

• In large networks, there can be multiple paths from sender

to receiver. The switching technique will decide the best
route for data transmission.

• Switching technique is used to connect the systems for

making one-to-one communication.

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 Classification Of Switching Techniques

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 Circuit Switching

• Circuit switching is a switching technique that establishes a dedicated path

between sender and receiver.

• In the Circuit Switching Technique, once the connection is established then

the dedicated path will remain to exist until the connection is terminated.

• Circuit switching in a network operates in a similar way as the telephone

works.

• A complete end-to-end path must exist before the communication takes

place.
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• In case of circuit switching technique, when any user wants to send the
data, voice, video, a request signal is sent to the receiver then the receiver
sends back the acknowledgment to ensure the availability of the dedicated
path. After receiving the acknowledgment, dedicated path transfers the
data.

• Circuit switching is used in public telephone network. It is used for voice

transmission.

• Fixed data can be transferred at a time in circuit switching technology.

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• Communication through circuit switching has 3
phases:
• Circuit establishment
• Data transfer
• Circuit Disconnect

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Advantages Of Circuit Switching:
• In the case of Circuit Switching technique, the communication channel is
dedicated.
• It has fixed bandwidth.

• Disadvantages Of Circuit Switching:

• Once the dedicated path is established, the only delay occurs in the speed of
data transmission.
• It takes a long time to establish a connection approx 10 seconds during
which no data can be transmitted.
• It is more expensive than other switching techniques as a dedicated path is
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 Message Switching
• Message Switching is a switching technique in which a message is transferred as a
complete unit and routed through intermediate nodes at which it is stored and forwarded.

• In Message Switching technique, there is no establishment of a dedicated path between

the sender and receiver.

• The destination address is appended to the message. Message Switching provides a

dynamic routing as the message is routed through the intermediate nodes based on the
information available in the message.

• Message switches are programmed in such a way so that they can provide the most
efficient routes

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• Each and every node stores the entire message and then forward it to the next node.
This type of network is known as store and forward network.

• Message switching treats each message as an independent entity.

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 Advantages Of Message Switching

• Data channels are shared among the communicating devices that improve
the efficiency of using available bandwidth.

• Traffic congestion can be reduced because the message is temporarily

stored in the nodes.

• Message priority can be used to manage the network.

• The size of the message which is sent over the network can be varied.
Therefore, it supports the data of unlimited size.
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 Disadvantages Of Message Switching

• The message switches must be equipped with sufficient storage to enable

them to store the messages until the message is forwarded.

• The Long delay can occur due to the storing and forwarding facility
provided by the message switching technique.

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 Packet Switching

• The packet switching is a switching technique in which the message is

sent in one go, but it is divided into smaller pieces, and they are sent
individually.

• The message splits into smaller pieces known as packets and packets are
given a unique number to identify their order at the receiving end.

• Every packet contains some information in its headers such as source

address, destination address and sequence number.

• Packets will travel across the network, taking the shortest path as possible.
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• All the packets are reassembled at the receiving end in correct order.

• If any packet is missing or corrupted, then the message will be sent to

resend the message.

• If the correct order of the packets is reached, then the acknowledgment

message will be sent.

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 Advantages Of Packet Switching:

• Cost-effective: In packet switching technique, switching devices do not

require massive secondary storage to store the packets, so cost is
minimized to some extent. Therefore, we can say that the packet switching
technique is a cost-effective technique.

• Reliable: If any node is busy, then the packets can be rerouted. This
ensures that the Packet Switching technique provides reliable
communication.

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Efficient: Packet Switching is an efficient technique. It does not require any
established path prior to the transmission, and many users can use the same
communication channel simultaneously, hence makes use of available
bandwidth very efficiently.

• Disadvantages Of Packet Switching:

• Packet Switching technique cannot be implemented in those applications

that require low delay and high-quality services.

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• The protocols used in a packet switching technique are very complex and
requires high implementation cost.

• If the network is overloaded or corrupted, then it requires retransmission

of lost packets. It can also lead to the loss of critical information if errors
are nor recovered.

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 THANK YOU

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Department of Computer Applications