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Lect 16

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Sri Ch.V.Krishna Reddy Assistant Professor (Sr,)
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18 views13 pages

Lect 16

Uploaded by

Sri Ch.V.Krishna Reddy Assistant Professor (Sr,)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IIT Bombay

DESE

Photovoltaic energy conversion

Lecture #16

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 1


IIT Bombay
DESE

• What parameter distinguishes a metal from


semiconductor? A semiconductor from insulator?

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 2


IIT Bombay
DESE

Continuous band gap

•Principle of solar PV energy conversion


(light to photo-voltage conversion)
Separation of opposite
charges results in
potential difference

Separated band gap

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 3


IIT Bombay
Many atoms-1 DESE

Electron
•When atoms are
energy
brought together to
form a solid various
interaction occurs
between the atom.

•Splitting of energy
One atom Two atoms Many atoms in a levels occurs due the
crystal Pauli’s Exclusion
Principle

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L3-Slide 4


IIT Bombay
Lecture-3 DESE

Many atoms-2: Energy band formation


As the distance between the
atom approaches equilibrium
inter-atomic distance for a given
E material, energy bands forms
n
e
r
g Fig: Schematic indicating how the
y discrete energies allowed to
electrons in an isolated atom split
up into bands of allowed energy
Inter-atomic Distance when a number of similar atom
brought together in a crystal

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L3-Slide 5


IIT Bombay
Semiconductors DESE

• Elemental semiconductor

Part of periodic table


II III IV V VI
B C(6)
Al Si(14) P S
Zn Ga Ge(32) As Se
Cd In Sb Te

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L5-Slide 6


IIT Bombay
Compound semiconductors DESE

• Elemental semiconductors: Si, Ge


• Compound semiconductors: GaAs, InP
• Ternary semiconductors: AlGaAs, HgCdTe
• Quaternary semiconductors: InGaAsP, InGaAlP

Elemental IV Binary III-V Binary II-VI


Compounds
Si SiGe AlP CdTe
Ge SiC GaAs CdS
As InP ZnS
GaP CdSe
10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L5-Slide 7
IIT Bombay
Band gap types DESE

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L20-Slide 8


IIT Bombay
Band gap types DESE

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 9


IIT Bombay
Band gap types DESE

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 10


IIT Bombay
Direct band gap DESE

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 11


IIT Bombay
Direct band gap DESE

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion Slide 12


IIT Bombay
Charge Carriers in Semiconductors DESE

• At 0K temperature Si behaves like an insulator due to empty


conduction band

•As the temperature rises above 0K, conduction band electrons


increases due to thermal excitation across the band gap

Ec

Electron Eg Hole
EHP
Ev

At 0K At Temp > 0K

10/17/24 Lecture 16: EN601- Photovoltaic energy conversion L5-


Slide 13

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