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Dyslexia Presentation (Aarti Sharma)

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14 views17 pages

Dyslexia Presentation (Aarti Sharma)

Uploaded by

pinkupanda271
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jamia Millia Islamia

Faculty of Education
Department of IASE
Aarti Sharma
M.Ed special education (LD)
1st semester
2024-2026
DYSLEXIA
Content

 Introduction
 Definition
 Types
 Symptoms
 Cause
 Diagnostic Evaluation
 Treatment
 Role of parent / supervisors
 Research And trends
 References
Introduction

 Greek word ‘dys’ poor or inadequate and the word ‘Lexis’ words or
language.
 Reading disability or specific learning disability.
 Part of learning disorder related to reading disorder.
 Difficulty in reading.
Definition

 Dyslexia is a learning disability that can hinder a person ability to


read write spell and sometimes speak.
 According OSWALD BERKHEN : firstly described in 1881
 According Rudolph Berlin : given the term dyslexia in 1883.
Types

 Developmental Dyslexia – Inherited , Increasing dyslexic conditions


with age.
 Acquired Dyslexia – Dyslexic ( not from the birth ), Caused by brain
damage ( from an injury or a stroke), Also termed as ‘Alexia’.
Symptoms

1. Weaknesses in phonological processing:


 Poor ability to remember individual sound or sequence of sounds. Ex :
E - F, M – W and sequence problem.
 Children with dyslexia may should out the letters of the word, but
then facing difficulty in assembling individual sound into words. Ex :
CAT
 Difficulty in sequencing sounds.
 Inability to rapidly retrieve letters sounds while analysing words so
that beginning of the word in forgotten by the time the last letter of
the word in recalled (naming problem). Ex : DIAGRAM.
Symptoms

2. Directional confusion – • may reverse letters like b and d or p and q.


•May invert letters like n as u , m as w , q as d, p as b , f as t.
•May read or write words like no for on, rat for tar, won for now, saw for
was.
•May read or right 17 for 71.
•May read aur write mirror letters numbers symbols and words like 3 as
E.
Symptoms

3. Sequencing difficulties- Having trouble with sequencing.


 Changing the sequence of the letter like in ‘name’ it can become
‘mean’ or ‘amen’, ‘act’ as ‘cat’.
 may a omit letters, like reading or writing ‘cat’ for cart, wet for went,
sing for string.
 difficulty in summarizing a story.
Symptoms

4. Multiple learning disorder


• dysgraphia
• dyscalculia
• ADHD
Causes

 The cause is unknown.


 Heredity
 Environmental factor
 Neurological
 Premature birth
 Exposure during pregnancy to nicotine drugs alcohol or infection that
may alter brain development in the fetus.
 Difference in the part of the brain that enable reading.
 Having problem at an early age like brain injury.
Diagnosis evaluation
 Dyslexia is a difficult disorder to diagnose exactly.
 Severe general diagnosis method includes - classroom observation.
 A development medical behaviour, academic and family history.
 Information and cognitive process.
 Test of specific language skills.
 Educational text to determine level of functioning in basic skills like standardized
assignment tools, oral language skills, word recognitions,rapid naming, decoding,
spelling, vocab, fluency.
Treatment

 Dyslexia does not go away but with the good instruction and practice
kid with lexia can improve it reading.
 There is no any cure or medication for dyslexia.
 Any valuation must be done to determine the child specific areas of
disability.
 Treatment of dyslexia ideally involves planning between the parents
and the Teachers.
Role of parents /supervisors

 Encourage
 Explain task more than one ensure back
 Provide additional time
 Avoid more instructions
 Use bullet point more space, colour.
 Avoid small prints ,overcrowded test.
 Flow chart , while boards
 Use fullstop Before starting of sentences.
Researches and trends

Brain Imaging: New brain scans (fMRI, MEG) show differences in how
people with dyslexia process language. This helps in developing better
treatments.
Genetics: Researchers are finding genes linked to dyslexia, which could
lead to early detection and personalized interventions.
Early Screening: Schools are using new tools to identify dyslexia early,
allowing for quicker support and better outcomes for students.
 Assistive Technology: Tools like text-to-speech and speech-to-text
apps are helping people with dyslexia read and write more easily.
 Executive Functioning: Studies show that dyslexia can also affect
skills like memory and focus, leading to more targeted therapies.
References

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166461/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6415680/
 https://dyslexiaida.org/
 Overcoming Dyslexia” by Sally Shaywitz
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4621301/
 https://www.understood.org
Thank you

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