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4.1 Positive and Negative Integers

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12 views40 pages

4.1 Positive and Negative Integers

Uploaded by

mariam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Po s

itive
neg an d
ativ
inte e
gers
Understanding Negative Numbers

We think of numbers being on a number line:

∞
These numbers are all positive numbers,
although we don’t actually put the + sign
in front of each number
Understanding Negative
Numbers
The number line can also continue on past 0:

These new numbers are negative numbers.


6
Negative 5
Numbers 4
The temperature 3 Getting warmer
scale is often 2
seen vertically. 1
0 Water freezing
-1
As the temperature -2
goes below freezing we -3
Getting colder
use negative numbers. -4
-5
-6
pl es (1 )
Exa m
• Positive plus positive: 4+ 5 = 9
• My mini word problem: I have 4 dollars in my wallet and
my pays me 5 dollars for gas money.
• Now I have 9 dollars in my wallet
pl es (2 )
Exa m
• Positive minus positive: 4- 5 = -1
• My mini word problem: I have 4 dollars. I owe my
friend 5 dollars, what is my net worth?
• I have 4, but I owe more than that, so I know my net
worth is going to be negative (eep!). But how
negative? I subtract 4, I have zero left, but still need to
subtract one more. So I have -1 dollars.
pl es (3 )
Exa m
• negative plus positive: (-4)+ 5 = 1
• My mini word problem: I owe my friend 4 dollars. But
this same friend pays me 5 dollars for gas money.
• What is my net worth now
• Well I had a debt. After he gives me $4 I have no more
debt, but he give me $1 more than that. So I have
positive 1 dollars.
pl es (4 )
Exa m
• positive plus a negative: 4+ (-5) = -1
• I think of this as “adding to my debt” I owe 5 more
dollars now. In this case $4 was my net worth. Then I
borrowed $5 dollars which puts me in debt.
• So my new net worth is $-1
pl es (5 )
Exa m
• negative plus a negative: (-4)+ (-5) = -1
• I think of this as “adding to my debt” I owe 5 more
dollars now. In this case $4 was my net worth. Then I
borrowed $5 dollars which puts me in debt.
• So my new net worth is $-1
pl es (6 )
Exa m
• negative minus a positive: (-4)- 5 = -1
• My net worth is $-4. that means I owe 4 dollars. Then I
buy lunch on my credit card. So I take away 5 more
dollars from my net worth. Now I owe more.
• So my new net worth is $-9
pl es (7 )
Exa m
• positive minus a negative: 4- (-5) = 9
• I think of this as “taking away my debt” I’m getting rid
of 5 dollars of debt I had. In this case $4 was my net
worth. Then my friend payed my $5 dollar debt. Since
I don’t have to pay it now my net worth goes up and I
have more money
• So my new net worth is $9
pl es (8 )
Exa m

• This works with negative minus a


negative: (-4)- (-5) = 1
• I’m still “taking away my debt”, but my
original net worth is negative! In this
case $-4 is my net worth. Then my friend
payed my $5 dollar debt. Since I don’t
have to pay it now my net worth goes up
and I have more money
• So my new net worth is $1
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0

•Lets start with positive numbers so we


get the idea.
• There is an extra step than what you
might be used to. But I’m hoping that
step will help make sense of the negative
numbers
•
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• Addition 3+2= 5
•We start at 3( )
•We look at where 2 is , ( ). It is to the
right of 0
•We add that shape starting at the 3
( ). So we move to the right of 3.
•We “land” on 5
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• adding a negative to a positive 3+(-2)=
1
•We start at 3( )
•We look at where -2 is , ( ). This time it
is to the left of 0
•We add that shape starting at the 3
( ). That means we move to the left of
the 3
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• adding a positive to a negative (-
3)+2=( -1)
•We start at -3( )
•We look at where 2 is , ( ). This time it
is to the right of 0
•We add that shape starting at the 3
( ). That means we move to the right
of the 3
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• Adding a negative to a negative (-3)+(-
2)= -5
•We start at -3( )
•We look at where -2 is , ( ). It is to the
left 0
•We add that shape starting at the -3
( ). So we move to the left of -3.
•We “land” on -5.
be r Li n e
N u m
_ +
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
•Addition summary
When we add a positive we start at the first
number, then move right (the positive
direction)

When we add a negative we start at the


first number, then move left (the negative
direction)
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• Subtraction 4-1= 3
•We start at 4( )
•We look at where 1 is, ( ). It is to the
right of 0.
•To take away, we go the other direction from
4( ). So in this case we move to the
left.
•We “land” on 3 (this makes sense, we took
away something from 4 so it should be
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0

• Now it gets tricky.


•subtracting a negative from a positive 4-
(-1)= 5
•We start at 4( )
•We look at where -1 is, ( ). It is to the
left of 0.
•To take away, we go the other direction from
4( ). So in this case we move to the
be r Li n e
N u m

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
• Still Tricky.
•subtracting a negative from a negative (-
4)-(-1)= -3
•We start at -4( )
•We look at where -1 is, ( ). It is to the left
of 0.
•To take away, we go the other direction from -4
( ). So in this case we move to the
be r Li n e
N u m
_ +
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
•Subtraction summary
When we subtract a positive we start at the
first number, then move left (the negative
direction)

When we subtract a negative we start at the


first number, then move right (the positive
direction)
be r Li n e
N u m
_ +
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
•In General:
 We can start with our arrows pointing right.
When we have a negative sign or a
subtraction sign (both written as “-”), we
need to flip our arrows.
When we subtract a negative, we flip the
arrow twice (once for each minus sign) and
end up facing left again.

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