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Dbms Assignment Madhu

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Madhumitha
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Dbms Assignment Madhu

Uploaded by

Madhumitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS ASSIGNMENT

S.Madhumitha
II B.COM.,(CA)
RELATIONAL DATABASE

A relational database is a type of database


that stores and provides access to data points
that are related to one another.
Relational databases are based on the relational
model, an intuitive, straightforward way of
representing data in tables. In a relational
database, each row in the table is a record with
a unique ID called the key. The columns of the
table hold attributes of the data, and each
record usually has a value for each attribute,
making it easy to establish the relationships
among data points.
Relational Approach

A ‘relational approach’ can be


defined as: being mindful of our
relationship with our client, and using
opportunities to support clients in
forming and sustaining quality
relationships.
• To respond as difficulties emerge, particularly at
times of transition and
• To support families experiencing breakdown in their
relationships.
Properties

 Values are atomic.


 All of the values in a column have the
same data type.
 Each row is unique.
 The sequence of rows and columns is
insignificant.
 Each column has a unique name.
 Integrity constrains maintain data
consistency across multiple tables.
Advantages of Relational
Database
 Speed
Even though a relational database is poor in
terms of performance, still its speed is considerably
higher because of its ease and simplicity. And also
various optimizations that is included in a relational
database further increases its speed.
 Security
Since there are several tables in a relational
database, certain tables can be made to be
confidential. These tables are protected with
username and password such that only authorized
users will be able to access them.
 Simplicity
Compared to other types of network
models, a relational database model is much
simpler. It is free from query processing and
complex structuring. As a result, it does not
require any complex queries. A simple SQL
query is sufficient enough for handling.
 Accessibility
Unlike other types of databases, a relational
database does not require any specific path for
accessing the data. Even modifying data in the
relevant column is made easy. So whatever the
outcome shown is appropriate to the user.
 Accuracy
As mentioned earlier, relational
database uses primary keys and foreign keys to
make the tables interrelated to each other. Thus,
all the data which is stored is non-repetitive.
Which means that the data does not duplicate.
Therefore, the data stored can be guaranteed to
be accurate.
 Multi User
Multiple users will be able to access a
relational database at the same time. Even if the
data is updated, the users can access them
conveniently. Hence, the crashes happening from
multi access is possibly prevented.
Disadvantages of
Relational Database
 Cost
The underlaying cost involved in a relational
database is quite expensive. For setting up a relational
database, there must be separate software which
needs to be purchased. And a professional technician
should be hired to maintain the system.

 Performance
Always the performance of the relational database
depends on the number of tables. If there are more
number of tables, the response given to the queries
will be slower. Additionally, more data presence not
only slows down the machine, it eventually makes it
complex to find information.
 Physical Storage
A relational database also requires
tremendous amount of physical memory since it is
with rows and columns. Each of the operations
depend on separate physical storage. Only through
proper optimization, the targeted applications can
be made to have maximum physical memory.

 Complexity
Although a relational database is free from
complex structuring, occasionally it may become
complex too. When the amount of data in a
relational database increases, it eventually makes
the system more complicated. Each and every data
is been complex since the data is arranged using
common characteristics .
 Information Loss
Large organizations tends to use more
number of number of database systems with more
tables. These information can be used to be
transferred from one system to another. This could
pose a risk of data loss.

 Structure Limitations
The fields that is present on a relational
database is with limitations. Limitations in essence
means that it cannot accommodate more
information. Despite if more information are
provided, it may lead to data loss. Therefore, it is
necessary to describe the exact amount of data
volume which the field will be given.
Relational data structure
The database and the database structure
are defined in the installation process. he
database and the database structure are defined
in the installation process. The structure of the
database depends on whether the database
is Oracle Database, IBM® DB2®, or Microsoft
SQL Server.

A database that can be perceived as a set


of tables and manipulated in accordance with the
relational model of data.
Structure of Relational
Database
 A relational database consists of a collection
of tables, each having a unique name. A row in a
table represents a relationship among a set of
values.
 A row in a table represents a relationship among
a set of values.
 Thus a table represents a collection of
relationships.

 There is a direct correspondence between the


concept of a table and the mathematical concept
of a relation. A substantial theory has been
developed for relational databases.
 Table also called relation
 Table name : Customer details

Entity

Customer Database Name

Customer ID Customer Status


Name
1 Ram Active Rows or
Records
2 Baby Active or Tuple.
3 Sri Inactive

Column or Fields or Attributes


RELATIONAL MODEL
CONCEPTS

o The relational Model of Data is


based on the concept of a Relation.
o The strength of the relational
approach to data management
comes from the formal foundation
provided by the theory of relations.
o In the formal relational model
terminology:

 A row is called a tuple.


 A column header is called an
attribute.
 Table is called a relation.
Relational model concept
 DOMAIN
 ATTRIBUTES
 RELATION

DOMAIN
A table is DBMS is a set of rows and columns
that contain data. Columns in table have a unique
name, often referred as attributes in DBMS. A domain
is a unique set of values permitted for an attribute in
a table.
ATTRIBUTES
In relational databases,
attributes are the describing
characteristics or properties that define
all items pertaining to a certain
category applied to all cells of a
column. The rows, instead, are called
tuples, and represent data sets applied
to a single entity to uniquely identify
each item.
RELATION
Relation is sometimes used to
refer to a table in a relational database
but is more commonly used to
describe the relationships that can be
created between those tables in a
relational database.
THANK YOU

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