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1-Cells and Cell Theory

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10 views

1-Cells and Cell Theory

Uploaded by

Aashish Rathour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cells

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is


capable of performing life functions.
What is Cell?

The cell is the functional basic


unit of life. It was discovered by
Robert Hooke and is the
functional unit of all known living
organisms. It is the smallest unit
of life that is classified as a
living thing, and is often called
the building block of life.
Unicellular and multicellular
Organisms, such as most
bacteria, are unicellular (consist
of a single cell). Other
organisms, such as humans, are
multicellular. Humans have
about 100 trillion cells
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
All living things are composed of cells

• Some organisms are composed of just one cell


(like these bacteria you can see on this slide).

• Other organisms (like plants, animals, and


humans) are composed of trillions of cells.
Discovery of cell

The descriptive term for the


smallest living biological
structure was coined by
Robert Hooke in a book he
published in 1665 when he
compared the cork cells he saw
through his microscope.
Types of Cell
There are two types of cells:
eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells are those cells
which have nuclear material
without nuclear membrane. For
ex- bacteria and blue green
algae. The cell having well-
organized nucleus with a nuclear
membrane are called eukaryotic
Types of cell

• white blood
cell
• Amoeb
a
• red blood cell

• muscle
• sper cell
• cheek m
cells • nerve
• Parameciu
cell
m
Shape of cells
Generally, cells are round, spherical
or elongated some cells are long
and pointed at both ends. They
exhibit a spindle shape. Cells
sometimes are quite long. Some are
branched like nerve cells or a
neuron. Some are sphere like RBC.
CELL THEORY
⦿ All living things are made up of cells.
⦿ Cells are the smallest working units of
all living things.
⦿ All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
THE CELL THEORY
⦿ The cell is the basic unit of structure.
◼All living things are made up of one or more
cells.
THE CELL THEORY
⦿ The cell is the basic unit of function.
◼A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing all of the life functions.
THE CELL THEORY
⦿ All cells come from pre-existing cells.
◼Through mitosis, one cell makes two cells,
etc.
EXCEPTIONS TO THE
THEORY

⦿ Viruses
◼Can only reproduce

⦿ Mitochondria &
Chloroplasts
◼Have their own DNA
and can replicate
LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION

•cells
•Tissue
•Organs
•Organ System
•Organism
CELLS
& How They Relate To The
LIFE FUNCTIONS
CELL MEMBRANE
⦿ REGULATION
◼Allows good stuff
and small
molecules in, bad
stuff and LARGE
molecules are
“blocked”
CELL MEMBRANE
⦿ EXCRETION
◼all waste
products exit
through the
membrane
CELL MEMBRANE
⦿ TRANSPORT
◼Materials are
ABSORBED
⦿ NUTRITION
◼The ingestion of food
CELL MEMBRANE
⦿ G RO W TH
◼The membrane must increase in size to
account for the increase in cytoplasm
CHLOROPLASTS
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼Site of
photosynthesis
⦿ REPRODUCTION
◼They have their
own DNA and can
make copies of
themselves
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼Make proteins at
their own
ribosomes
CYTOPLASM
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼Lots of
molecules are
made here
⦿ GROWTH
◼An increase
in the
number of
molecules =
growth
⦿ TRANSPORT
◼Diffusion
◼cyclosis
MITOCHONDRIA
⦿ RESPIRATION
◼Site of aerobic
respiration
⦿ REPRODUCTION
◼They have their own
DNA and can make
copies of themselves
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼They make proteins at
their own ribosomes
NUCLEUS
⦿ REPRODUCTION
◼Mitosis starts here
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼Makes new DNA -
chromosomes
⦿ REGULATION
◼The DNA controls
all cell activities
RIBOSOME
⦿ SYNTHESIS
◼Makes proteins
⦿ GROWTH
◼An increase in the
number of molecules
leads to growth
VACUOLE
⦿ EXCRETION
◼Stores
wastes
⦿ NUTRITION
◼Stores food
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
⦿ Plant Cells

🞆 Onion Cell
ANIMAL CELLS

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