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Lesson 3 (Week 1)

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14 views

Lesson 3 (Week 1)

the one

Uploaded by

Dhulz Ilegna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evolving Concept of Life

Based on Emerging
Pieces of Evidence
LESSON 2
Objectives
1. Understand the major events in the history of life on
Earth
2. Identify key periods and the characteristics of life during
those periods.
3. Recognize the diversity of life forms that have existed
throughout Earth's history.
INTRODUCTION

"How old do you think the Earth is?


What is a Timeline?
TIMELINE OF APPEARANCE OF LIFE
FORMS

4.6 – 3.8 BYA - The early


Earth is said to be violent
because of the meteorites
and volcanic eruptions.
With this condition, Zircon
Crystal was formed.
TIMELINE OF APPEARANCE OF LIFE
FORMS

3.5 BYA – Life on Earth


initially began with
prokaryotes, in discovered in
sedimentary rock formations
called stromatolites.
TIMELINE OF APPEARANCE OF LIFE
FORMS

 3.0 BYA – the first


photosynthetic organism
thrived the earth which is
blue green algae called
Cyanobacteria.
2.0 BYA – The
appearance of the first
eukaryotes and the influx
of multicellular organisms
occurred 1.2 billion years
ago.
500 BYA – The Paleozoic era
when the trilobites and
cephalopods became dominant
in the ocean, particularly
during the Cambrian and
Ordovician.
251 – 65.5 BYA – The
Mesozoic era the age of
reptiles that has a span of
251 to 65.5 BYA divided into
the Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous periods.
 250 TYA – The Cenozoic era recent life and based
on paleontological evidence. Homo Erectus have
evolved.
The universe is about 4.6 billion
years old. Life 0n Earth, probably
began only between 3.5 and 4.0
billion years ago. Evidence from
fossil records show the emergence
of different life forms.
The common ancestors of all life were
prokaryotic. Since, oxygen was scarce
on the early Earth, so the ancestral cell
must also have been anaerobic. There
are some challenges encountered in
searching for evidence in early life.
Cells are microscopic and most have no part so
fossilize. The tectonic plate movement has
destroyed nearly all the rocks that have been
heated or undergone processes that destroy the
traces of biological material. At present, the
oldest cell microfossils (microscopic fossils) are
filaments from 3.5 billion-years-old rocks in
Western Australia
The filaments resemble chain of modern photosynthetic
bacteria and the rocks in which they occur are the
remains of ancient stromatolites.

The researchers look for biomarkers specific to


eukaryotes. It is a substance that occurs only or
predominantly in cells of a specific type. Eukaryotes
are organisms having true nucleus. The DNA is enclosed
within the nucleus whereas the DNA of most
prokaryotes lies enclosed in the cell’s cytoplasm. The
MEANING
Fossil- a fossil is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once
living thing from past geological age.
Fossil record- history of life as documented by fossils, the remains or
imprints of organisms from earlier geological periods preserved in
sedimentary rocks.
Prokaryote- are organism whose cells lack a nucleus and another
organelles.
Biomarker- a measurable substance in an organism whose presence is
indicative of some phenomenon such as disease, infection or any
environmental exposure.
Eukaryotes- an organism whose cells have nucleus.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
They’re made up of They exhibit
cells metabolism

They grow and They respond to their


develop environment

They are capable of Maintain


reproduction homeostasis
PROKARYOTES

Prokaryotes are
organisms whose cells
lack a nucleus and other
organelles. Prokaryotes
are divided into two
distinct groups: the
bacteria and the
archaea, which
scientists believe have
PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

Cyanobacteri
a

Mycoplasma

Bacteria
EUKARYOTES
Eukaryotes are
organisms whose
cells have a
nucleus. All animals,
plants, fungi, and
many unicellular
organisms, are
Eukaryotes.
EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

Animals

Fungi

Plants
TYPES OF ORGANISMS
EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES
-any cell or organism that -any organism that lacks a distinct
possess a clearly defined nucleus and other organelles due to
nucleus cell membrane the absence of internal membranes

cytoplasm
animals, plants, fungi, & Bacteria and archaea
protists
DNA

May be unicellular or ribosomes Unicellular


multicellular
activities
ACTIVITY 1: It’s a Match!

Directions: Column A are evidences while Column B refers to certain timeline.


Match them by writing the letter of your answer on the space before the
number.
Column A Column B
______1. homo erectus A. 4.3 BYA
______2. eukaryotes B. 2.0 BYA
______3. zircon crystal C. Mesozoic Era
______4. dinosaurs D. 250 thousand years ago
______5. trilobite fossils E. Cambrian Period
ACTIVITY 1: It’s a Match!
Directions: Column A are evidences while Column B refers to certain timeline.
Match them by writing the letter of your answer on the space before the
number.
Column A Column B
______1. homo erectus A. 4.3 BYA
______2. eukaryotes B. 2.0 BYA
______3. zircon crystal C. Mesozoic Era
______4. dinosaurs D. 250 thousand years ago
______5. trilobite fossils E. Cambrian Period

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. E
ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Oxygen was scarce during the early development of Earth.
By this situation, what kind of organism first existed?

A. aerobic organism
B. anaerobic organism
C. mammal
D. protist
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true on the
evolution of multicellular organisms?

A. The process of continuous specialization brought more


complex
organisms.

B. The prokaryotic organisms that formed multicellular


aggregates were like the cells of Cyanobacteria.

C. They are believed to have evolved from single-celled


prokaryotic
organisms.
3. Why do you think the emergence of plants and animals
came later than simple living organisms?

A. Their existence is not that important on Earth.

B. Their size is too big that it takes longer time for


development.

C. The cell structures of these multicellular


organisms are more complex.

D. These organisms are composed of many nucleus


compared to unicellular.
4. Which statement is incorrect about living organisms?

A. The earliest forms of life existed were the prokaryotes.

B. The eukaryotic organisms evolved from the unicellular


prokaryotic.

C. Organisms did not change despite of the changes in the


environment.

D. Evolution of oxygen-producing organisms allowed the


increase in the atmospheric oxygen.
5. Which of the following are in the correct order?

A. eukaryotic cell, photosynthesis, prokaryotic


cell, organic molecules

B. eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, organic


molecules, photosynthesis

C. organic molecules, eukaryotic cell,


photosynthesis, prokaryotic cell

D. organic molecules, prokaryotic cell,


photosynthesis, eukaryotic cell
6. What is the evidence for a last universal
common ancestor among life on Earth?

A. All look the same.

B. They have similar synthesis patterns.

C. All are classified as aerobic organisms.

D. They share similar molecular features.


7. What unique substance do
researchers look after in their study of
eukaryotes?

A. biomarkers
B. fossils
C. mitochondria
D. stromatolites
8. Which of the following can be considered
as a fossil?

A. a billion-year-old rock
B. a billion-year-old piece of amber
C. a billion-year-old amber with a primitive
insect inside
D. all of the choices are correct
9. Mainly the fossils are found on
sedimentary rocks. What type of rocks are
stromatolites?

A. igneous
B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary
D. Trilobites
10. Which of the following is NOT true about the evidence that
fossils provide?

A. All fossils gathered contain intact DNA that can be


sequenced.

B. Fossil ages can often be determined by testing nearby rocks.

C. Fossil organisms often share physical similarities with living


organisms.

D. Some fossil organisms are transitional forms between


groups of
organisms.
11. It was stated that the organisms are evolving. The evolution
can be due to environmental changes. More so, the
conservation of their traits depends mainly on how they will
survive. In this regard, humans alter the natural world bringing
harmful consequences from their activity. Which among the
following refers to the alteration brought by humans to the
natural environment?

A. environmental issues

B. ecosystem conflict

C. environmental topics

D. human intervention
12. What is the significance of studying the molecular
evidence present among living organisms?

A. It will benefit the economy of the world.

B. It will give idea for the scientist which to clone.

C. It will then serve as the basis of what to study.

D. It will allow the classification of living organisms.


13. Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused
populations of Staphylococcus aureus to evolve resistance to
most antibiotics. What do you think would be the significance of
being knowledgeable about the history of this organism towards
antibiotics?

A. It will just give them background about the microorganism.


B. It will just give them an idea of increasing the frequency of
the organisms.
C. It will give an idea of continuing the use of antibiotics
against
Staphylococcus aureus.
D. It will give an idea for the medical team to discontinue the
use of
particular antibiotic resistant to that microorganism.
14. The study of history of life is indeed significant. As
part of searching for the fossils of previous organisms,
stromatolite played a significant role. What is true
about stromatolite?

A. It is found on eukaryotes.

B. It is produced by endosymbiosis.

C. It is formed during volcanic eruptions.

D. It consists of layered bacteria and sediment.


15. The following statements are challenges for the researchers
in finding and identifying signs of early cells. Which is NOT part
of the group?

A. Cells are microscopic and most have no parts to fossilize

B. Materials and testing laboratories are not available.

C. Slightly younger rocks have been heated up and undergone


other
processes

D. Tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks


older than about 4 billion years.

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