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Relational Model in DBMS

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36 views

Relational Model in DBMS

Uploaded by

KA ZI TN V IR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relational Model in DBMS

Topic of discussion
Relational Model
Relational Model Concepts
Relational Integrity Constraints
Operation in Relational Model
Relational Model
Relational Model was proposed by E.F. Codd
to model data in the form of relations or
tables.
Relational Model represents the database as
a collection of relations. A relation is nothing
but a table of values.
Relational Model represents how data is
stored in Relational Databases.
A relational database stores data in the form
of relations (tables).
Relational Model
Some popular Relational Database
management systems are:
 DB2 and Informix Dynamic Server - IBM
 Oracle and RDB – Oracle
 SQL Server and Access - Microsoft
Relational Model Concepts

Customer
Relational Model Concepts
 Attribute: Each column in a Table. Attributes are the properties
which define a relation. e.g., customer_id, customer_name etc.

 Tables – In the Relational model the, relations are saved in the


table format. It is stored along with its entities. A table has two
properties rows and columns. Rows represent records and
columns represent attributes.

 Tuple – It is nothing but a single row of a table, which contains a


single record.

 Relation Schema: A relation schema represents the name of the


relation with its attributes.
Customer(customer_id, customer_name, status)
Relational Model Concepts
 Degree: The total number of attributes which in the relation
is called the degree of the relation.

 Cardinality: Total number of rows present in the Table.

 Column: The column represents the set of values for a


specific attribute.

 Relation instance – Relation instance is a finite set of


tuples in the RDBMS system. Relation instances never have
duplicate tuples.

 Attribute domain – Every attribute has some pre-defined


value and scope which is known as attribute domain
Relational Integrity constraints
Relational Integrity constraints is referred to
conditions which must be present for a valid
relation.
There are many types of integrity constraints.
Constraints on the Relational database
management system is mostly divided into
three main categories are:
Domain constraints
Key constraints
Referential integrity constraints
Domain Constraints
Domain constraints can be violated if an
attribute value is not appearing in the
corresponding domain or it is not of the
appropriate data type.
This is specified as data types which include
standard data types integers, real numbers,
characters, Booleans, variable length strings,
etc.
Domain constraints
Key constraints
Referential integrity constraints
Key constraints
An attribute that can uniquely identify a tuple
in a relation is called the key of the table.
Every relation in the database should have
atleast one set of attributes which defines a
tuple uniquely. Those set of attributes is
called key. e.g.; ROLL_NO in STUDENT is a
key. No two students can have same roll
number. So a key has two properties:
It should be unique for all tuples.
It can’t have NULL values.
Key constraints
Referential integrity constraints
Customer
 Referential integrity
constraints is base
on the concept of
Foreign Keys.
 A foreign key is an
important attribute
of a relation which
should be referred to
in other
relationships.
Insert Operation
The insert operation gives values of the
attribute for a new tuple which should be
inserted into a relation.
Update Operation
You can see that in the below-given relation
table CustomerName= 'Apple' is updated
from Inactive to Active.
Delete Operation
You can see that in the below-given relation
table CustomerName= 'Apple' is updated
from Inactive to Active.
Select Operation
You can see that in the below-given relation
table CustomerName= 'Apple' is updated
from Inactive to Active.
Thank you

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