Health care

Talking about abilities in the

past and the future
 Able to in the past +infinitive

Was able to….

attend the party.
Were able to ….
1.A pilot

3. Election campaign

2. Plane crushing

4. frightened
5. Wheat field
6.A barn

7. Feeding chicken

8. concussion
A barn; a large farm building used for
storing grain, hay, or straw or for
housing livestock.

Concussion; temporary
unconsciousness or confusion caused
by a blow on the head.
Unconscious; in the state of not
being awake and not aware of
things around you.
9. A pile of hay

10. A farm house

12. Broken leg

11. An ambulance

13. unconscious
1…………….

3……………..

2……………

4………….
5…………
6………..

7………….

8………….
9…………..

10…………

12………..
11………

13………..
Nancy Paine has been a pilot for many years. She
is an old friend of Otis Jackson’s and is supporting
his election campaign. Yesterday, Nancy was flying
her twin-engine plane over Wickham city with a sign
saying OTIS FOR MAYOR. Around two o’clock it
started getting cloudy and Nancy decided to go back
to the airport. Suddenly, her right engine begun to
Sputter. It died in less than a minute. Nancy became
frightened when the plane started losing distance
ahead of her. When the clouds disappeared, her plane
Was just a few hundred feet above the ground.
Nancy saw a wheat field in the distance and tried
to land there. Unfortunately, her plane was going
to fast and she wasn’t able to land where she
wanted to. She crashed into a barn on the other
side of the field. The barn belonged to Elmer
Coggins, who was feeding his chickens when he
heard the noise. Elmer ran over to the barn and
found Nancy inside the plane. She had a
concussion and a broken leg and she wasn’t able
to move.
Although she was badly hurt, Nancy was able explain
what happened. She was in great pain , and after
a few minutes, she lost consciousness. Elmer opened
the door of the plane and gently pulled her out. He
laid Nancy on a pile hay and tried to make her
comfortable. Then he ran to the farmhouse and called
an ambulance.
1. Why was Nancy flying over Wickham city yesterday?
2. What happened as she was going back to the
airport?
3. Was Nancy frightened?
4. Where did she try to land in the field?
5. Why wasn’t she able to land in the field?
6. Did she crash into a barn or farmland?
7. Who did the barn belong to?
8. What was Elmer doing when he heard the crash?
9. Where did he find Nancy?
10. Why wasn’t she able to move?
11. What did Elmer do?
 Use able to in the past in affirmative or
negative form.

 Her plane was going so fast, so she wasn’t able

to land where she wanted to.
 Although she was badly hurt, she was able to
explain what happened.
1. Although he was poor, he _______ go to college.
2. He didn’t know anyone at the bank, but he ________
get a loan.
3. We were so busy last week, we ________ come to
your party.
4. Although I had a headache, I _________ do my
homework.
5. She had no money, so she _______ buy a present
for her mother.
6. Her apartment was so small, she _________ invite
her friends over for dinner.
7. Although he didn’t have much experience, he ____
repair his car.
8. It rained Sunday afternoon, so we ________ have a
picnic at the park.
Expressing possibility

May/Might affirmative
May/Might affirmative
affirmative

He
She May
Stay home tomorrow
We might
They
 negative
negative

He
May not
She go to the football game.
Might not
We
They
 We use may or might to talk about possible
actions in the future.
 Their meaning is very similar, but we use
might when we are less sure.
Use May + the most appropriate verb in the box
Use each verb only once.
Be miss open think
Leave move rain visit
Lose need sell win
1. Barbara is very busy. She may miss the
football game tomorrow.
2. We have a great team this year. We
may win the championship.
1. My sister loves to cook. She ____a restaurant
someday.
2. She doesn’t enjoy living in los Angeles. She ____ to
new York.
3. Stanley is worried. He _____his job at the post
office.
4. He can’t read small print as well as he used to.
He ____ glasses.
5. Jenny is a very good student. She ____the best
student in her class.
6. Roger ____ he’s the best student, but he isn’t.
7. It’s getting cloudy. It ____ today.
8. Mr. Farley is getting tired of waiting for his wife.
he ____ without her.
9. We’re having problems with our car. We ___ it
and get a new one.
10. Gloria wants to study Italian. She ____Rome
next year.
 Student A asks questions. Student B
Answers using Might.

A: Is Barbara going to the football game?

B: I don’t know. She might go.

A: Do you think your friends will take the bus?

B: I don’t know. They might take the bus.
1. Do you think Nancy will leave the hospital this
weekend?
2. Are jimmy and Linda going to study in the library?
3. Are they going to walk home?
4. Do you think there will be a meeting on Friday?
5. Do you think it’s a good idea to build a toy
factor in city park?
6. Are you going to vote for Mr. Bascomb?
7. Do you think he’ll win the election?
 2. margarine
1. soup

3. Summer weather 5. tourists

4. butter
1……… 2……….

3…………. 5………..

4……….
Complete the sentences using verbs,
look, sound, feel, taste and smell.

She has a good voice. She sounds like a

professional singer.
He said something stupid. Now he
feels like and idiot.
1. That man is very tall. He ________ a basketball player.
2. I like the way he talks. He _______ an actor.
3. it’s very cold outside. It ________ winter.
4. This soup is delicious. It _______ homemade soup.
5. we’ve heard a lot about your sister. She _______
a nice person.
6. I like this shampoo. It _________ lemons.
7. This bed is really hard. It _______ a rock.
8. Barbara is very pretty. She ________ a movie star.
9. with her soft voice. She ________ Marilyn Monroe.
10. Have you just taken a shower? You ______ soap.
Well to be honest, if I had to answer your
question, I guess I could say that, I ………….
This could be because/in fact/actually/ as a
matter of fact,……
 Talking about health care

1. Have you ever been in a hospital? When?

what happened?
2. Do you have a health insurance? What kind?
3. Who do you think should pay for each person’s
health care: the individual, the company he
or she works for, or the government?
4. When the government pays, where does the
money come from?
5. Does your country have a good health
care system?
6. Have you ever been sick for a long time?
who took care of you?
7. How often do you see your doctor?
8. What can you do to stay healthy?
Discussing an issue. E.g. health care
• Introduce your self and say a brief
biography( information about yourself
or your career and family.
• Say what you’re going to do e.g. I’m
going to talk about HEALTH CARE
• Look for some useful linking phrases
of your choice.
• Opening phrases + first point
1. So to begin with, I’ll get started by
talking about the cost of health
care.
2. So I’d like to get cracking by
pointing out that……
3. And, I’ll start the ball rolling by
touching on the matter of…
4. So I guess I could kick off by
stating that….
5. Initially, I’d like to get started by
• Before you add your explanation, you
need another linking phrase:
 Second point phrase + second point
1. Going onto my next point which is
INSURANCE..
2. Continuing then with the next point
of…..
3. Now with regard to the next point of
……
4. Regarding the theme of …….
5. Now on the subject of insurance,……
6. Now concerning the matter of …….
Now add your second linking phrase:

1. I would like to explain that…

2. What I’d like to make clear is that…
3. You really have to understand that…
4. What I’d like to shed light on is that…
5. I suppose I should underline the fact
that…
Final linking phrase:
1. To end with, if I have time, I should
take care of..
2. As a final point, if time permit, I’d
like to take care of the final point of
…..
3. To cut a long story, as my very last
point, I would suggest some
solutions
Money
 Our focus today
is going to be
on.
money
1. Do you think money is the
most important thing in life?
2. How has the way people
spend their money changed
in recent years?
3. Do you prefer saving
money or spending it?
4. What are some effective
ways to manage money?
5. In your country, is it
common to use cash or
credit cards?
6. Some people believe that
having a lot of money leads to
happiness.
7. How does your culture
influence your spending
habits?
8. What are the advantages
and disadvantage of using
digital payments?
9. Do you think it’s important
to teach children about
money?

10. In what ways can

governments encourage
people to save money?
 Spending habits
a big spender - someone
who likes to spend large
amounts of money.
A. Buys expensive things
B. Spend more than they
need to
C. Enjoy showing off
D. Not worry about the cost
a spendthrift - someone who
spends money carelessly,
especially when he or she doesn't
have a lot of it
A. Waste money on unnecessary
things
B. Spend more than they can
afford
C. Not save or plan for the
A. Expensive gadgets
B. Travelling first class
C. Living in hotels or expensive
places
D. Designer clothes
E. Fancy cars
F. Designer perfumes
a cheapskate or a penny
pincher- someone who does not
like spending money and can be
unpleasant about it.
A. Avoid spending money
B. Look for cheapest quality
even if of low quality
C. Over saving
D. Doesn’t lend or give out
money
 adjectives
Generous - willing to give more
money, time, etc., than is expected
Cheap or stingy or a miser -
unwilling to spend or give
money, even when one has a
lot of it
Doesn’t want to spend
Has money but doesn’t use it
Often alone and unhappy
thrifty / frugal - using money
carefully and wisely
Both a miser and a cheapskate
are frugal but the difference is
that
A cheapskate spends money but
he is very careful. On the other
hand a miser almost doesn’t
spend anything yet he has the
money.
1. Can you believe what ____ Martin
is! He refused to leave a tip for the
waiter!
2. Our grandmother donates to many
organizations. She's always been very
_____ with her money.
3. He's so ____ that he wouldn't even
lend his own son money.
4. George must be wealthy. He's such
______ . He always insists on treating his
friends to dinner.
5. If you try to be more ____ with, your
money, you'll have enough when you
really need it.
6. Unless you stop being such ___ ,
you're going to get deeper in debt.
Some people say that happiness depends on how
much money we have. Others say that ‘money
cannot buy happiness.’ Do you think having
money is the key to happiness, or are there more
important factors.

People believe that being happy is based on

having a lot of money as opposed to others who
think that happiness can never be bought by
money. While money is important, I think it can
not buy happiness.
Those who believe in the former perspective
give the following reasons. First,
___________________. For example,
____________. In addition, ______________. For
instance,_____________________.
On the contrary, happiness is from other
sources. First, _________________. For example,
__________________. As well as ______________.
For instance, ___________.

In conclusion, although money has got its

benefits, I would argue that happiness can
come from ______, _______ and _______.
In recent years, more and more people are
choosing to read e-books rather than paper
book.

Do you think the advantages outweigh the

disadvantages?
An increasing number of people are
using e-books …..as a reading tool
instead of ……. While there are a few
minor drawbacks, I believe there are
significant benefits to using e-books
over paper books .
Those who believe in the former
perspective give the following points.
First,____________. For
example,__________. In addition to
that,_________ for instance, _________
On the contrary, the advantages of …………
are twofold. First………… for example,……….
As well as ….. For instance, …………………

In conclusion, I think e-books have brought

numerous gains to people’s lives
because______ and _______, but there are
disadvantages that should not be ignored.
End of chapter 3
MILTARY SERVICE
Talking about obligation
in the past and future.

The use of “HAD TO” and “WILL

HAVE TO”
 Past of Have to affirmative
He had to get up early in the morning.
She ____________________________________.
You ____________________________________.
We _____________________________________.

He didn’t have to get up early in the morning.

She ____________________________________.
You ____________________________________.
We _____________________________________.
Did he
she have to get up early?
they

Yes, he
she did.
they

No, he
she didn’t
they
1. Physical labor
 2. marching

3. Sports in the army

Sam and Jack often talk about their days in
The army. It was a hard life. The men had to get up
early in the morning and do a lot of physical labor.
They had to learn how to use a rifle, and they had
to march at least ten miles a day. There wasn’t
much entertainment; they had to do without
television and computer games. The only form of
recreation they had was sports. They only made
about $80 a
month.
So they didn’t have to worry about where to
spend their money. Fortunately, they didn’t
have to pay any bills since the army paid
their expenses. And they didn’t have to do
their own cooking; the army took care of
that, too. In fact, the army took care of
everything.
Future of Have to affirmative

He’ll have to work.

She’ll _____________.
You’ll _____________.
We’ll _______________.
 Future of have to negative

She won’t have to go the store.

He ______________________________.
They ____________________________.
You _____________________________.
 practice

Make sentences using won’t have to

1. The dishes are clean. (wash)

 You won’t have to wash them.

2. The dog has already eaten. (feed)

 You won’t have to feed it.
Complete the sentences using too

1. I’m very tired. I can’t finish my homework.

 I’m too tired to finish my homework.

2. she’s embarrassed. She won’t talk about

her parents.
 she’s too embarrassed to talk about her
parents.
practice
In a famous speech to the American people,
John F Kennedy said, “ask not what your
Country can do for you___ ask what you can
do for your country”

Do you agree?
It is said that everyone can do a job for his or
her. Although being in the army is a popular
way to serve a country, I believe there are
several other ways you can do something for
for your country.

Those who believe in the former perspective,

give the following views. First, ……………… for
example,………… In addition, ………… for
Instance,……………
On the contrary, there are several other ways
to serve a country. To begin with, …………..
for instance, ……………. As well as, …………
for example, ………………

In conclusion, I would believe that,……

Complete the sentences using the correct
form of make or do

Note; 1. the verb “do” often refers to general

activity or a certain kind of work.
Note; 2. the verb “make” often means create
or produce.
1. Mrs. Hamby made a chocolate cake last
week.
2. she’s doing the gardening this afternoon.

practice
 Make conclusions using want + object +
infinitive.

1. Suzanne is giving Nick her phone number.

she wants him to call her.
2. Peter thinks Maria works too hard. He wants
her to relax and enjoy life.

practice
 Would rather ………
Would you rather work in the office or outdoors?

1. Well, quite honestly if I think about it, I ….

2. Well quite honestly I don’t think I’ve ever
thought about it but I guess,….
3. Actually, this is something that I’ve never
considered, but in short,….
4. I’m not really sure how to put this, but I
suppose ,….
1. I would possibly think about (verb + ing)…
2. I would maybe contemplate ( verb + ing)…
3. I would perhaps reflect on (verb + ing)…

1. ..especially if I had a chance to ………...

2. .particularly if I had an opportunity to…..

1. If I past simple, I would + infinitive.

End of chapter 3
Dreams
 timid

Average/ plain-looking girl

adjective. If you describe someone as plain, you
think they look ordinary and not at all
beautiful. ... a shy, rather plain girl with a pale
complexion. Synonyms: ugly, ordinary,
wish

Bored secretary
 frustrated
Self- explanation
Subconscious mind