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15 views

Chapter - 6

Uploaded by

tsehayets92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter_ 6

SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 1


Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 2
To learn list
Sludge and Its Moisture Content
Sludge Digestion Process
Stages in the Sludge Digestion Process
 Factors Affecting Sludge Digestion and Their
Control
 Sludge Digestion Tank or Digesters

 Design Considerations
 Disposal of Digested Sludge

Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 3


Sludge and Its Moisture Content
 Characteristics of sludge
 Putriscibility

Raw sewage is more putrescible than stale


sewage
 high moisture content

The higher the moisture content the more


bulky the sewage will be
sludge with 99% moisture contains 1 liter of
solids in 100 liters of sludge
The smaller the moisture content the lesser will
be the volume of the sludge
Check it with the example in your handout!!!

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Sludge Digestion Process

 The process of stabilization of organic matter in anaerobic


condition is called the sludge digestion
 In the process, sludge gets broken into the following three
forms:
 Digested sludge
Stabilized, free from pathogen and smaller in volume
 Supernatant liquor
It includes the liquefied and finely divided solid matter, and is
having high BOD (about 3000ppm).
 Gases of decomposition:
hydrogen sulphide
carbon dioxide Can be generated
nitrogen
methane

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Con’d
 The digested sludge is dewatered, dried up,
and used as fertilizer; while the gases
produced are also used for fuel or for
driving gas engines

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Stages in the Sludge Digestion Process

Three distinct stages have been found to


occur in the biological action involved in the
natural process of sludge digestion. These
stages are:
As any
Acid fermentation anaerobic
condition
Acid regression
Alkaline fermentation

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Factors Affecting Sludge
Digestion and Their Control
The important factors which affect the process of
sludge digestion, and are, therefore, controlled
in a digestion tank, are:
◦ Temperature:
the sludge can be quickly digested, if the temperature in the
digestion tank is kept high.
◦ pH value :
The acidity increases, Remedy
Lime
with the overdosing of raw sludge;
addition
with the over withdrawal of digested sludge; and
with the sudden admission of industrial wastes

◦ Seeding with digested sludge


◦ Mixing and stirring of the raw sludge with digested sludge

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Sludge Digestion Tank or Digesters

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Cont’d
 Design Considerations
 The digestion tanks are cylindrical with diameter
ranging between 3 to 12m.
 The bottom hopper floor of the tank is given a slope
of about 1:1 to 1:3 (i.e. 1 H: 3 V). However, when
the sludge is moved to the outlet by means of some
mechanical equipment, the bottom slopes may be
made relatively flat.
 The depth of the digestion tank is usually kept at
about 6m or so.
 Deeper tanks are costlier, though more effective.
Except in very large plants, it is usual not to provide
more than 2 units.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 10


Cont’d
 The capacity of the digestion tank is a
function of

 sludge production,
 digestion period,
 degree of digestion required,
 loss of moisture, and
 conversion of organic matter

Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 11


Cont’d
 Estimated Gas Production
The gas produced usually contains 65%
methane, 30% carbon dioxide, and trace
amounts of other gases. The heat content of
methane is approximately 36000kJ/m3
(8800kC/m3).
Two Stage Digestion
In two stage digestion, two digestion tanks,
called primary and secondary digesters, are
used.
Detention time for primary digester tank is
7-10days where as for secondary digestion
tank is 20days or so
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Cont’d
Two stage digestion gives the following
advantages compared to single stage
digestion:
 Avoids short circuit
 Better treatment
 Cost effective

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Disposal of Digested Sludge

Drying of the digested sludge on open beds


of land (called sludge drying beds) is quite
suitable for hot countries
A portion of the moisture drains through the
bed, while most of it is evaporated to the
atmosphere.
It usually takes about two weeks to two
months, for drying the sludge, depending
on the weather and condition of the bed.

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Table :Approximate area of Drying beds for different types of sludge

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Cont’d
Mechanical Methods of Dewatering Sludge
 vacuum filtration process
 High-speed centrifuges Better due to small
area requirement
 Elutriation of sludge
is the process of washing the sludge water,
to remove the organic and fatty acids from
it. Sometimes, before dewatering, the
sludge is thickened or conditioned, and then
elutriated.

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Cont’d
 Disposal of Dewatered Sludge
 Dumping into the Sea
 Burial into the Trenches
 Incineration
 fertilizer

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Cont’d
Lagoons for Disposal of Raw Sludge
 detention period is l to 2 months, and
 may extend up to 6 months
 the sludge undergoes anaerobic digestion
thereby getting stabilized

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Cont’d
 This method of sludge disposal is quite
cheap (as no digestion tanks are required),
 but the greatest drawback is the evolution

and eruption of foul gases, polluting the


environment.
 Its use is, there­fore, restricted only to non

residential areas.

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END

Thanks
Wish you all the best
to come in to your
future!!!!

Sludge Treatment and Disposal 10/20/2024 20

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