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Exchange of Gases

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kritich23
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14 views9 pages

Exchange of Gases

Uploaded by

kritich23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXCHANGE OF  Transport of O2

 Haldane effect

GASES  Transport of CO2


 Bohr’s effect
TRANSPORT OF O2
Dissolved form In form of
(3%) OxyHb
(97%)
• Oxyhaemoglobin formation
 Oxygen forms loose and reversible combination with haemoglobin
 One molecule of oxygen binds with one Fe2+ ion of haem
 Haemoglobin saturation : When all four sites on Hb are occupied by
O2 then its 100% saturated.
Oxygen dissociation curve

- Explains relation between partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in


blood with oxygen saturation of Hb.
- Sigmoid shaped curve
 Acts as buffer and maintains tissue PO2 at approx. 40 mmHg
 Tissues supplied according to need
Allows greater uptake of O2 by lungs despite variation in PO2
of alveolar air
Shift of the Oxygen-
Hemoglobin curve

Effect of CO on
hemoglobin
 Carbon monoxide binds with Hb to form
carboxyhaemoglobin
 It has about 200 times more affinity to O2
 It lowers tissue O2 tension by lowering the oxygen
Effect of Fetal Hb
 Fetal Hb has GREATER AFFINITY FOR O2 at all partial pressures
 PO2 in fetus is very low due to high metabolic rate
 Ensures O2 transported to fetus from maternal blood across placenta
 After birth fetal Hb is replaced with adult Hb
 O2-Hb curve is shifted towards left  affinity for 2,3-BPG is less
 As the 2 gamma chains have less affinity for 2,3-BPG than Hb A
Effect of Myoglobin
on Hb
 Myoglobin is respiratory pigment found only in
skeletal muscle acting as a reservoir for O2
 Has higher affinity to O2 than Hb and shifts the
curve towards left.
 It is used during intense muscle contraction
when oxygen supply is sufficient
TRANSPORT OF CO2
In In In
dissolved bicarbonate Carbamino
form (5%) form (75%) form (20%)
 In bicarbonate form

• Exchange of HCO3- and Cl- ion through


membrane of RBC
• Cl- ions move inside and HCO3- moving
outside into plasma
• This phenomenon occurs to maintain the pH of
Hamburger
blood phenomenon
 Transport through carbamino compound

• In plasma
- CO2 combines with amino group of plasma proteins
- forms Carbamino proteins

• In RBC
- combines with amino group of Hb
- forms Carbamino Haemoglobin

 CO2 dissociation curve


BOHR-HALDANE EFFECT
(HALI)

H - Hemoglobin
A - Affinity B
lDane – carbon Dioxide O -Oxygen
H -Hydrogen
R -Released in
tissue
Haldane effect describes
how O2 concentration Bohr’s effect describe
determine Hb affinity for how CO2

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