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Lesson 9 Chapter3

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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 27

Directions: Using the number in each alphabeth correspond,

create the words or phrase


A B C D E F G H I J K L ÑM N NG O P Q R S T U V
W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 a.) 14,17,14,
25 26 27 28 5,26,18,5,20,9,13,5,14,22,1,12,
20,5,21,5,1,20,3,8=

b.)5,26,18,5,20.9.13.5.14.22.1.12.20.5.21.5.1.20.3.8.=

c.) 19,23,1,14,22,9,22,1,22,9,24,5, 20,5,21,5,1,20,3 8,=


LESSON 9

QUANTITATIVE DATA RESEARCH DESIGN


QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

the researcher views quantitative design as a continuum, one end of the range represents a design where the
If

variables are not controlled at all and only observed. Connections among variable are only described. At the
other end of the spectrum, however, are designs which include a very close control of variables, and
relationships among those variables are clearly established. In the middle, with experiment design moving from
one type to the other, is a range which blends those two extremes together.
Supply the Missing letter in Words
1.Qu_n_ita_ive research is explaining phenomena by collecting
numerical data that are analyze using mathematically based methods
(in particular statistic). It means that quantitative research methods
dealing with numbers and anything that is measurable in systematic
way of investigation of phenomena and their relationships. According to
Muijs, (2004: 1)
2.Non-e_per_m_n_al research means there is a predictor variable or group
of subjects that cannot be manipulated by the experimenter.

3. ex_er_m_ntal research is guided specifically by a hypothesis.


Sometimes experimental research can have several hypotheses.
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is a type of empirical investigation. That


means the research focuses on verifiable observation as
opposed to theory or logic. Most often this type of research is
expressed in numbers. A researcher will represent and
manipulate certain observations that they are studying. They
will attempt to explain what it is they are seeing and what
affect it has on the subject. They will also determine and what
the changes may reflect. The overall goal is to convey
numerically what is being seen in the research and to arrive at
specific and observable conclusions.
(Klazema 2014)
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

1. Non-Experimental Research
Design
2. Experimental Research
1. Non-Experimental Research Design

Non-experimental research means there is a


predictor variable or group of subjects that cannot
be manipulated by the experimenter. Typically, this
means that other routes must be used to draw
conclusions, such as correlation, survey or case
study.

(Kowalczyk 2015 )
Types of Non-Experimental Research

1. Survey Research
2. Correlational Research
3. Descriptive
method
4. Comparative
5. Ex Post Facto
Types of Non-Experimental Research
1. Survey Research

Survey research uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling


polls to get a sense of behavior with intense precision. It allows
researchers to judge behavior and then present the findings in an
accurate way.
This is usually expressed in a percentage.
Survey research can be conducted around one group specifically
or used to compare several groups.
When conducting survey research it is important that the people
questioned are sampled at random. This allows for more accurate
findings across a greater spectrum of respondents.
Remember
 It is very important when conducting survey
research that you work with statisticians and field
service agents who are reputable. Since there is a
high level of personal interaction in survey
scenarios as well as a greater chance for
unexpected circumstances to occur, it is possible
for the data to be affected. This can heavily
influence the outcome of the survey.
 There are several ways to conduct
survey research. They can be done in
person, over the phone, or through
mail or email. In the last instance they
can be selfadministered. When
conducted on a single group survey
research is its own category.
2. Correlational Research

Correlational research tests for the


relationships between two variables.
Performing correlational research is done to
establish what the effect of one on the other
might be and how that affects the
relationship.
Remember! 

Correlational research is conducted in order to explain a


noticed occurrence. In correlational research the survey
is conducted on a minimum of two groups. In most
correlational research there is a level of manipulation
involved with the specific variables being researched.
Once the information is compiled it is then analyzed
mathematically to draw conclusions about the effect
that one has on the other.
 Correlation does not always mean causation.
For example, just because two data points sync
doesn‘t mean that there is a direct cause and
effect relationship. Typically, you should not make
assumptions from correlational research alone
3. Descriptive

As stated by Good and Scates as cited by


Sevilla (1998), the descriptive method is
oftentimes as a survey or a normative
approach to study prevailing conditions.

Remember!  Descriptive method involves the discretion, recognition, analysis and


interpretation of condition that currently exist. Moreover, according to Gay (2007)
Descriptive research design involves the collection of the data in order to test
hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of
the study. It determines and reports the way things are.
4. Comparative

Comparative researchers examine patterns of


similarities and differences across a moderate
number of cases. The typical comparative study
has anywhere from a handful to fifty or more
cases. The number of cases is limited because one
of the concerns of comparative research is to
establish familiarity with each case included in a
study.
(Ragin, Charles 2015)

 Like qualitative researchers, comparative researchers consider how the different parts of
each case - those aspects that are relevant to the investigation - fit together; they try to
make sense of each case. Thus, knowledge of cases is considered an important goal of
comparative research, independent of any other goal.
5. Ex Post Facto
According to Devin Kowalczyk, that Ex
post facto design is a quasi-
experimental study examining how an
independent variable, present prior to
the study, affects a dependent variable.
A true experiment and ex post facto both are
attempting to say: this independent variable is
causing changes in a dependent variable. This is
the basis of any experiment - one variable is
hypothesized to be influencing another. This is
done by having an experimental group and a
control group. So if you're testing a new type of
medication, the experimental group gets the new
medication, while the control group gets the old
medication. This allows you to test the efficacy of
the new medication. . (Kowalczyk 2015)
Match column A to column B

A. design is a quasi-experimental study examining how


1.Survey Research an independent variable, present prior to the study,
. affects a dependent variable.
2. Correlational B. researchers examine patterns of similarities and
Research differences across a moderate number of cases
C. research tests for the relationships between two
3. Descriptive method variables
D. research uses interviews, questionnaires, and
4. Comparative sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense
precision.
E. is oftentimes as a survey or a normative approach to
5. Ex Post Facto study prevailing conditions.

1. D

2. 2. c

3. 3. E.

4. 4. B.

5. 5 A.
Though questions may be posed in the other forms of research,
experimental research is guided specifically by a hypothesis.
Sometimes experimental research can have several hypotheses.
A hypothesis is a statement to be proven or disproved. Once
that statement is made experiments are begun to find out
whether the statement is true or not. This type of research is
the bedrock of most sciences, in particular the natural sciences.
Quantitative research can be exciting and highly informative. It
can be used to help explain all sorts of phenomena. The best
quantitative research gathers precise empirical data and can be
applied to gain a better understanding of several fields of
study. (Williams 2015)
Types of Experimental
research
1. Quasi-experimental Research

2. True Experimental Design


1. Quasi-experimental Research

Design involves selecting groups, upon which a


variable is tested without any random pre-
selection process. For example, to perform an
educational experiment, a class might be
arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection or by
seating arrangement. The division is often
convenient especially in an educational situations
cause a little disruption as possible.
2. True Experimental Design

According to Yolanda Williams (2015) that a true


experiment is a type of experimental design and is
thought to be the most accurate type of
experimental research. This is because a true
experiment supports or refutes a hypothesis using
statistical analysis. A true experiment is also
thought to be the only experimental design that can
establish cause and effect relationships. So, what
makes a true experiment?
There are three criteria that must be met in
a true experiment

1. Control group and experimental group


2. Researcher-manipulated variable
3. Random assignment
Compare and contrast :
make a Ven diagram of
quantitative non-
experimental research
and experimental
research
End of Discussions

Thank You for Listening

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