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Bio DCD Presentation

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11 views12 pages

Bio DCD Presentation

Uploaded by

bethkurevleva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Developmental

Coordination
Disorder
Max Kurevlev
What is DCD?
● Developmental coordination disorder is a
neurodevelopmental disorder primarily
defined by difficulties with fine and gross
motor coordination
● Developmental Coordination Disorder is
typically chronic, up to 50 – 70% cases
persisting into adolescence and adulthood
● Although the term Dyspraxia is more
widespread, DCD is the correct clinical term
recognised by the DSM-5 and ICD-11

● Due to the disorder's continuous nature, it


does not necessarily have one discrete
etiology
Prevalence Rates

● Prevalence of 5%– 6% in children ages 5–11 years

● In children aged 7 years,

● 1.8% are diagnosed with severe developmental coordination disorder

● 3% with probable developmental coordination disorder

● Male: female ratio between 2:1 and 7:1

(World Health Organization, 2019)


Diagnostic
Performance and acquisition of motor skills is significantly
A below what could be expected given the individual’s age and
opportunity for practice.

The identified motor difficulties represent a significant


B obstacle to the completion of daily living activities.

The movement symptoms must have had an onset early in


C development.

The motor difficulties are not better explained by an


D alternative diagnosis, such as intellectual disability or a
neurological condition.
(American Psychiatric Association, 2022)
Symptoms • Increased risk of
• co-occurring disruptive
behaviour problems
• Preschool: Delays in achieving motor • anxiety
milestones or in developing specific skills.
• depression
• becoming overweight or
• Middle Childhood: Symptoms can show in obese
activities such as handwriting, playing
with a ball, or building puzzles.
• Lower levels of
• self-efficacy
• Adolescence and adulthood: Difficulties in
• competence in physical
motor coordination may appear in
and social abilities
attempts to learn new skills.

(World Health Organization, 2019)


Neurobiology

● Children with DCD display altered


brain structure and function within
the motor network.

● Behaviourally, these differences


may affect anticipatory planning
and reduce automatization of
movement.

● Neural impairment is (Scott et al., 2021)


predominantly in the sensorimotor
network.
(Wilson et al., 2017)
Neural
Characteristics • Neural correlates of DCD

● The posterior cingulate


● The parietal lobe cortex (PCC)

● Disrupted function of the inferior ● Posterior middle temporal


parietal lobules, precuneus, and gyrus (pMTG)
parts of the superior parietal
lobules ● The basal ganglia

● The cerebellum
● The frontal lobe

● Regions in the prefrontal cortex


and the motor cortex

(Rinat et al., 2020)


● Children with DCD had smaller grey
matter volume in key motor and
cognitive regions:

A-B. The Brainstem

C. Left Lobule VI

D-F. Right crus I

G. Left crus I

H. Right crus II

I. Right lobule VIIb

J. Right lobule VIIIa

(Gill et al., 2022)


• Neuroimaging data ● White matter structure
abnormalities in children with
● reduced cortical thickness in the DCD present in motor function
right medial orbitofrontal cortex related areas such as:
● altered brain activation patterns
• The corticospinal tracts

• diffusion-weighted magnetic
resonance imaging • The cerebellar tracts

• reduced white matter


organization involving • The cerebellum
sensorimotor structures

• altered structural connectivity


across the whole brain network
(Li et al., 2023)
Treatment
Motor-training-
Task-oriented based

• Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) • Physical therapy

• Cognitive Orientation to daily • Occupational therapy


Occupational Performance (CO-
OP)

(Smits-Engelsman et al., 2012)


References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.,
text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

Blank, R., Barnett, A., Cairney, J., Green, D., Kirby, A., Polatajko, H. J., Rosenblum, S., Smits-Engelsman, B.,
Sugden, D., Wilson, P. H., & Vinçon, S. (2019). International clinical practice recommendations on the
definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination
disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 61(3), 242–285.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14132

Gill, K., Lang, D., & Zwicker, J. G. (2022). Cerebellar and brainstem differences in children with
developmental coordination disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study. Frontiers in Human
Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.921505

Harris, S., Mickelson, E. C. R., & Zwicker, J. G. (2015). Diagnosis and management of developmental
coordination disorder. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(9), 659–665.
https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.140994

Kashiwagi, M., & Tamai, H. (2013). Brain mapping of Developmental coordination Disorder. In InTech
eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/56496

Li, K., Su, X., Yang, S., Du, Z., Huang, S., & Wang, Y. (2023). New trends in developmental coordination
disorder: Multivariate, multidimensional and multimodal. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116369
References
Rinat, S., Izadi‐Najafabadi, S., & Zwicker, J. G. (2020). Children with developmental coordination disorder
show altered functional connectivity compared to peers. NeuroImage: Clinical, 27, 102309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102309

Scott, M. W., Wood, G., Holmes, P. S., Marshall, B., Williams, J., & Wright, D. J. (2021). Imagine that! Mental
training for children with Developmental coordination Disorder. Frontiers for Young Minds, 9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2021.642053

Smits-Engelsman, B., Blank, R., Van Der Kaay, A., Meijs, R. M. D., Brand, E. V. D., Polatajko, H. J., & Wilson,
P. H. (2012). Efficacy of interventions to improve motor performance in children with
developmental coordination disorder: a combined systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55(3), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12008

Wilson, P. H., Smits-Engelsman, B., Caeyenberghs, K., Steenbergen, B., Sugden, D., Clark, J. E., Mumford,
N., & Blank, R. (2017). Cognitive and neuroimaging findings in developmental coordination disorder: new
insights from a systematic review of recent research. Developmental Medicine & Child
Neurology, 59(11), 1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13530

World Health Organization. (2019). 6A04 Developmental motor coordination disorder. In International
statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.).
https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/148247104

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