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Boiler

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62 views13 pages

Boiler

Uploaded by

samiularefin2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boiler

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 1
Boiler
Outlines:

• Steam Boiler
• Important Terms for Steam Boiler
• Essentials of a Good Steam Boiler
• Selection of a Steam Boiler
• Schematic Diagram of a Boiler Plant
• Classification of Steam Boiler
• Fire Tube or Smoke Tube Boiler
• Locomotive Boiler
• Water Tube Boiler
• Babcock and Wilcox Boiler
• Difference between Fire Tube and Water Tube
Boilers
• Boiler Performance, Boiler Efficiency
• Heat Losses in the Boiler
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & 2
Boiler

Steam Boiler:
A steam generator or boiler is , usually, a closed vessel made of steel. Its function
is to transfer the heat produced by the combustion of fuel (solid, liquid or
gaseous) to water and ultimately generate steam.

The steam produced may be supplied:

• To an external combustion engine


• At low pressures for industrial process work in cotton mills, sugar factories,
breweries etc
• For producing hot water, which can be used for heating installation at much
lower pressure

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 3
Boiler

Important Terms for Steam Boiler:

• Boiler Shell
• Combustion Chamber
• Grate
• Furnace
• Heating Surface
• Mountings
• Accessories

Fig: Different Parts of a Boiler

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 4
Boiler
Essentials of a Good Steam Boiler:
• It should produce maximum quantity of steam with minimum fuel consumption
• It should be economical to install
• It should rapidly meet with fluctuation of load
• It should be capable of quick starting
• It should be light in weight
• It should occupy a small place
Selection of a Steam Boiler:
• The power required and the working pressure
• The fuel and water available
• The type of fuel to be used
• The probable load factor

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 5
Boiler

Fig: Schematic Diagram of a Boiler Plant

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 6
Boiler
Classification of Steam Boiler:

• According to the Contents in the Tube-


(a) Fire Tube or Smoke Tube Boiler (b) Water Tube Boiler
• According to the Position of the Furnace-
(a) Internally Fired Boilers (b) Externally Fired Boilers
• According to the Axis of the Shell-
(a) Vertical Boiler (b) Horizontal Boiler
• According to the number of tubes-
(a) Single Tube Boilers (b) Multitubular Boilers
• According to the Method of Circulation of Water and Steam-
(a) Natural Circulation Boiler (b) Forced Circulation Boiler
• According to Use-
(a) Stationary Boilers (b) Mobile Boilers
• According to the Source of Heat

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 7
Boiler
Fire Tube or Smoke Tube Boiler :

In fire tube steam boilers, the flames and hot gases, produced by the combustion of
Fuel, pass through the tubes (called multi-tubes) which are surrounded by water.
Examples: Simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, Lancashire boiler, Locomotive boiler

Fig: Fire Tube Boiler


Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & 8
Boiler

Locomotive Boiler
(Fire Tube Boiler):

It is a multi-tubular,
horizontal, internally
fired and mobile
boiler. The principal
feature of this boiler
is to produce steam
at a very high rate.

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 9
Boiler

Water Tube Boiler:

In water tube steam boilers, the water is


contained inside the tubes (called water
tubes) which are surrounded by flames and
hot gases from outside.

Examples: Babcock and Wilcox Boiler,


Stirling Boiler, La-Mont Boiler

Fig: Water Tube Boiler

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 10
Boiler

Babcock and Wilcox Boiler


( Water Tube Boiler):

It is a straight tube, stationary


type boiler. It consists of a
steam and water drum. It is
connected by a short tube
with uptake header or riser at
the back end.

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 11
Boiler
Difference between Fire Tube and Water Tube Boilers:

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 12
Boiler
Boiler Performance:
The performance of a steam boiler is measured in terms of its evaporative capacity.
The evaporative capacity of a boiler is the amount of water evaporated or steam
produced In Kg/hr. It may also be expressed in Kg/Kg of fuel burnt or Kg/hr/m 2 of
heating surface.

Boiler Efficiency:
It is defined as the ratio of heat actually used in producing steam to the heat
liberated in the furnace.
It is also known as thermal efficiency of the boiler.

Heat Losses in the Boiler:


• Heat lost to dry flue gases
• Heat lost to moisture present in the fuel
• Heat lost due to unburnt carbon in ashpit
• Heat lost due to incomplete combustion of carbon to carbon monoxide

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Rajshahi University of Engineering & 13

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