LESSON 1: PARTS OF THE BODY 1

Pre-reading:
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
1.
•Parts of the arm are connected by the elbow.
•Parts of the leg are connected by the knee.
•The hands are connected to the arm by the
wrist.
•The legs are connected to the feet by the
ankles.
2.
•Some common injuries are sprained ankles,
knees, and elbows.
•Shoulders and hips can be knocked out of
place. = dislocated
•Fingers and toes can be stubbed, jammed, or
broken.
 NEW WORDS
1. Athletic (a.) [æθ'letik]
2. Athletic medicine: y học thể thao
3. Sprain (n.) [sprein]: bong gân, trặc chân, tay
4. Twisting ['twistiη]: bện, xoắn
5. Blow (n.-v.) [blu:]: đánh đòn
6. To deal a blow: giáng cho một đòn
7. Dislocation (n.) [,dislə'kei∫n]: trật khớp
8. Appendage [ə'pendidʒ]: phần phụ
9. Jam [dʒæm]: kẹp chặt
to jam one's finger in the door
 Reading:
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
True or False:
T An ankle sprain is the most common
1.______
foot injury.
T Pain in the hands or wrist can result
2.______
from an elbow sprain.
F Hips are frequently jammed or broken.
3.______
(Fingers or toes)
 Vocabulary
1. _____
C hip
2. _____
E finger
3. _____
F elbow
B arm
4. _____
5. _____
A wrist
6. _____
D leg
Glossary: page 36 – book 1
 Choose the words
1. Shoulder / ankle
A. I twisted my _________
ankle when I was running.
B. Tom can’t move his arm due to his
_________
shoulder injury.
2. Toe / knee
knee
A. The leg bends at ________
B. Breaking even your smallest __________
toe can
make walking difficult.
 Vocabulary
3. Foot / hand
A.This shoe barely fits on my __________
foot
hand and I will help you
B.Give me your __________
up.
 CD1 – Track 8
Listen and read the article again.
1. Ankles, knees and elbows can be
sprained from unnatural movements.
2. Shoulders and hips can be dislocated.
3. Fingers and toes can be jammed or
broken.
 Listen to a conversation
CD1: Track 9
Choose the correct answer:
1.D
2.C
 Complete the conversation
1. What seems to be
2. Does it hurt
3. All over
4. What happened
5. Fell on my arm
6. Anywhere else
Speaking: Role play
 Writing
Patient: Tommy Jones
_____________
Symptoms: His arm
_____________
hurt, especially his elbow
What happenned: ____________
He was playing soccer and fell on his arm

Next steps: ____________

Likely have an elbow sprain.
Take some X-rays to make sure.
Can you label parts of the body?

head cheek

neck chest

hand abdomen

knee thigh

foot leg
1. The joint between the thigh and the lower leg.
knee
_____
2. The fleshy part of either side of the face below
the eye and between the nose and ear.
cheek
_____
3. The rounded posterior portion of the human foot
under and behind the ankle.
heel
_____
4. Either of two bony structures form the
framework of the mouth and hold the teeth.
jaw
_____
6. The joint between the forearm and the upper
arm.
elbow
_____
7. The portion of the human leg between the
hip and the knee.
thigh
_____
8. the area between the abdomen and
the thigh on either side of the body.
groin
_____
9. The underside of the foot.
sole
____
10. The joint between the human hand and
forearm.
wrist
_____
11. Either of two milk-secreting organs on the
chest of a woman; the female mammary gland.
breast
_____
12. The slight projection at the front of the
throat, usually more prominent in men than in
women.
___
Adam’s apple
Mouth -
you use your mouth to talk, to eat and to
breathe.
Nose -
You can smell things with your nose. You
can also breathe through your nose.
Nostrils -
these are the two holes in your nose.
Ankle -
the joint between your leg and your foot.
Neck -
this connects your head with your
shoulders and the rest of your body.
Tongue -
the muscle at the bottom of your
mouth that tastes things and helps
you pronounce words.
Wrinkles -
the lines in your skin caused by age.
Old people have a lot of wrinkles.
Heart -
your heart pumps your blood around your body.
Lungs -
when you breathe, the air goes into your lungs.
Veins -
these transport blood through your body. They are
like little tubes.
Brain -
this is your 'thinking machine' inside your head.
Throat -
food goes down this to get to your stomach.
Liver -
the organ that cleans your blood.
Stomach -
your food goes here when you swallow it.
Kidneys -
the organs that process all your body waste.
Skeleton -
all of the bones in your body.
Ribs -
these are the bones that protect the organs in
your chest.
Bones -
your skeleton consists of many bones. There are
about 206 in your body.
Skin -
it covers almost the entire body and helps keep all
the organs and muscles in place.
 Simon says…
• Put your hands on your head
• Touch your ear
• Clap your hands
• Stamp your feet
• Touch your elbow
• Touch your knee
• Take two steps forward
• Sit down
• Stand still
 External parts (common words)
1. hair /heə/
2. forehead /'fɔ:rid / or /'fɔ:hed/
3. ear /iə/
4. nose /nəʊz/
5. chin /tʃɪn/
6. jaw /dʒɔ:/
- mandible /ˈmændɪbl/
7. neck /nek/
8. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/
9. cheek / tʃiːk /
10. armpit /'ɑ:mpit/
 External parts (common words)
11. adam’s apple /'ædəmz 'æpl/
12. laryngeal prominence
/,lærin'dʒi:əl 'prɔminəns/
13. chest /t∫est /
14. -thorax /'θɔ:ræks/
15. nipple /'nipl/
16. breast /brest/
17. upper arm /'ʌpə ɑ:m/
18. elbow /ˈelbəʊ/
19. hand /hænd/
 External parts (common words)

18. forearm /'fɔ:rɑ:m/

19. wrist /rist/
20. finger /'fiηgə/
21. thumb /θʌm/
22. calf /kɑ:f/
23. leg /leg/
24. foot /fut/
 External parts (common words)

25. stomach /'stʌmək/

26. tummy /'tʌmi/
27. belly /'beli /
28. abdomen ['æbdəmen]
29. thigh /θai/
30. navel /'neivl/
31. belly button /'beli ˈbʌtn/
32. umbilicus /ʌm'bilikəs/
33. buttock /'bʌtək/
 External parts (common words)

29. hip /hip/

30. loin /lɔin/
31. palm /pɑ:m/
32. sole /səul/
33. groin /grɔin/
34. inguinal region /'iηgwinl 'ri:dʒən/
35. genitals /'dʒenitlz/
36. penis /'pi:nis/  penes (pl) /'pi:ni:z/
37. testicles /ˈtestɪklz/
 External parts (common words)

35. toe /təu/

36. knee /ni:/
37. patella /pə'telə/
38. kneecap /ˈniːkæp/
39. shin /∫in/
40. ankle /'æηkl/
41. big toe / bɪɡ təu/
42. heel /hi:l/
• 1. ear /iə/
• 2. cheek / tʃiːk /
• 3. jaw /dʒɔ:/
- mandible /ˈmændɪbl/
• 4. neck /nek/
• 5. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/
• 6. armpit /'ɑ:mpit/
• 7. upper arm /'ʌpə ɑ:m/
• 8. elbow /ˈelbəʊ/
• 9. loin /lɔin/
• 10. forearm /'fɔ:rɑ:m/
• 11. buttock /'bʌtək/
• 12. wrist /rist/
• 13. hand /hænd/
• 14. thumb /θʌm/
• 15. finger /'fiηgə/
• 16. thigh /θai/
• 17. calf /kɑ:f/
• 18. leg /leg/
• 19. foot /fut/
• 20. toe /təu/
• 21. hair /heə/
• 22. forehead /'fɔ:rid / or /'fɔ:hed/
• 23. nose /nəʊz/
• 24. chin /tʃɪn/
• 25. adam’s apple /'ædəmz 'æpl/
laryngeal prominence
/,lærin'dʒi:əl 'prɔminəns/
• 26. chest /t∫est /
-thorax /'θɔ:ræks/
• 27. nipple /'nipl/
• 28. breast /brest/
• 29. stomach /'stʌmək/
tummy /'tʌmi/
belly /'beli /
abdomen ['æbdəmen]
• 30. navel /'neivl/
- belly button /'beli ˈbʌtn/
- umbilicus /ʌm'bilikəs/
• 31. hip /hip/
• 32. palm /pɑ:m/
• 33. groin /grɔin/
inguinal region /'iηgwinl 'ri:dʒən/
• 34. genitals /'dʒenitlz/
-penis and testicles /'pi:nis ənd ˈtestɪklz/
 penes (pl) /'pi:ni:z/
• 35. knee /ni:/
patella /pə'telə/
kneecap /ˈniːkæp/
• 36. shin /∫in/
• 37. ankle /'æηkl/
• 38. big toe / bɪɡ təu/
• 39. sole /soul/
• 40. heel /hi:l/
 hair
neck
chest
12 nipple

navel upper arm

hip
palm

leg
knee

ankle
 nape
shoulder

elbow back

wrist

finger
buttock

calf

heel
- cartilaginous /ˌkɑːtɪˈlædʒɪnəs/: sụn
-vertebrate /ˈvəːtɪbrət/: xương sống
- adjacent /əˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt/: gần kề
-crease /kriːs/: vết nhăn
- hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/ :vết lõm
- esophagus /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/ :thực quản
- larynx /ˈlærɪŋks/ :thanh quản
- aerate /ˈeːreɪt/ : lấy oxy – aeration ( n)
- sternum /ˈstəːnəm/ :xương ức-
 Internal organs
airways

windpipe
lung heart

lobes
bronchioles
diaphragm

gullet
 Internal organs
8. pancreas
15. duodenum 9. stomach

14. gall bladder

13. liver

10. spleen

12. right kidney 11. left kidney

• Windpipe/ˈwɪndpaɪp/
• Lung /lʌŋ/
• Lobes/ləʊbz/
• Diaphragm /ˈdaɪəfræm/
• Airways/ˈeəweɪ/
• Heart/hɑːt/
• Bronchioles/ˈbrɒŋkioulz/
• Pancreas/ˈpæŋkriəs/
• Stomach/ˈstʌmək/
• Spleen/spliːn/
• Kidney/ ˈkɪdni/
• Left/ Right kidney
• Liver/ˈlɪvə(r)/
• Gall bladder/ɡɔːl ˈblædə(r)/
• Duodenum/ˌdjuːəˈdiːnəm/
 Which part is it?
diaphragm
a. ____________ is the layer of muscle between the
lungs and the stomach, used especially to control
breathing.
windpipe
b. ____________ is the tube in the throat that
carries air to the lungs.
Spleen
c. ____________ is a small organ near the stomach
that controls the quality of the blood cells.
d. ____________
pancreas is an organ near the stomach that
produces insulin and a liquid that helps the body to
digest food.
 Which part is it?
e. Duodenum
____________ is the first part of the small intestine, next
to the stomach.
Lung
f. ____________ is the organ of respiration; either of the pair
of organs that effect aeration of blood, lying on either side of
the heart within the chest cavity.
Heart
g. ____________ is the hollow muscular organ located behind
the sternum and between the lungs. Its rhythmic contractions
move the blood through the body.
h. Kidney
____________ is either of a pair of organs in the dorsal
region of the vertebrate abdominal cavity, which are then
excreted as urine.
 Liver
i. ____________ is the large, dark-red gland in the
upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just
beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage
and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of
sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic
activities.
j. Gall bladder a muscular sac attached to the liver
____________is
that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed
for digestion.
Airways
k. ____________ are the passages through which air
enters and leaves the body.
l. ____________
Stomach is the enlarged sac like portion of the
digestive tract between the gullet and small intestine,
lying just beneath the diaphragm.
 Anatomical terms Common words
1. mandible 1. jaw
2. axilla 2. armpit
3. laryngeal
prominence 3. adam’s apple
4. thorax 4. chest
5. abdomen 5. stomach/ tummy/belly
6. umbilicus 6. navel
7. inguinal region 7. groin
8. patella /kneecap 8. knee
9. carpus 9. wrist
10. coxa
10. hip
11. cubitus
11. elbow
12. mamma
13. nates 12. breast
13. buttocks
52
 Anatomical terms Common words
1. mandible 1. jaw
2. axilla 2. armpit
3. laryngeal
prominence 3. adam’s apple
4. thorax 4. chest
5. abdomen 5. stomach/ tummy/belly
6. umbilicus 6. navel
7. inguinal region 7. groin
8. patella /kneecap 8. knee
9. carpus 9. wrist
10. coxa
10. hip
11. cubitus
11. elbow
12. mamma
13. nates 12. breast
13. buttocks
53
 Anatomical terms Common words
1. abdomen 1. stomach/ tummy
2. axilla 2. armpit
3. Carpus 3. wrist
4. coxa 4. Hip
5. Cubitus 5. Elbow
6. Mamma 6. Breast
7. nates 7. Buttocks
8. patella 8. kneecap

. 54
 Anatomical terms

-. mandible /ˈmændɪbəl/
-. axilla /ækˈsɪlə/
-. laryngeal prominence
/lærɪnˈdʒiːəl ˈprɒmɪnəns/
-. thorax /ˈθɔːræks/
-. abdomen /ˈæbdəmen/
-. umbilicus /ʌmˈbɪlɪkəs/
 Anatomical terms

-. inguinal /ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/
region /ˈriːdʒən/
-.patella /pəˈtɛlə/
-.carpus /ˈkɑːpəs/
-. coxa /ˈkɒksə/
-. cubitus /ˈkubaɪtəs/
-. mamma /ˈmɑmə, məˈmɑ/
-. nates /ˈneɪtiːz/
swelling
lump = node

pain = ache

rash = spot
• Anatomical term Patient’s statement
1. inguinal swelling I’ve got a lump in the________.
groin
2. abdominal pain My little boy’s got a ____ ache.
stomatch
3. periumbilical rash I’ve got some spots around my__.
navel
4. thoracic pain I’ve got a pain in the middle of the ___.
chest
5. enlarged axillary node There’s a painful swelling in my_.
armpit
6. mandibular pain I’ve got a pain in my _________.
jaw
Match the conditions with the organs affected.

1.hepatitis /hɛpəˈtaɪtɪs/

2. pneumonia /njuːˈməʊnɪə/

3. nephritis /nəˈfraɪtɪs/

4. gastric ulcer
/ˈɡæstrɪk ˈʌlsə/
Match the conditions with the organs affected.
5. cystitis /sɪˈstaɪtɪs/

6. angina pectoris
/ænˈdʒaɪnə petɒris/

7. cholecystitis /kɒləsɪˈstaɪtɪs/

8. ulcerative colitis
/ˈʌlsəreɪtɪv kəˈlaɪtɪs/
 Match the conditions (1-8) with
the organs affected (a-h).
• 1. hepatitis a. bladder
• 2. pneumonia b. gall bladder
• 3. nephritis c. heart
• 4. gastric ulcer d. kidney
• 5. cystitis e. liver
• 6. angina pectoris f. lung
• 7. cholecystitis g. stomach
• 8. ulcerative colitis h. large bowel
 Match the conditions (1-8) with
the organs affected (a-h).
Conditions Organs
• 1. hepatitis • e. liver
• 2. pneumonia • f. lung
• 3. nephritis • d. kidney
• 4. gastric ulcer • g. stomach
• 5. cystitis • a. bladder
• 6. angina pectoris • c. heart
• 7. cholecystitis • b. gall bladder
• 8. ulcerative colitis • h. large bowel
 Examination of the abdomen
liver – kidney - gall bladder – kidney - organs –
spleen - bladder
• To examine the patient for enlarged abdominal
<1>…….,
organsfirst feel for the <2>gall ………….
bladderand the
liver
<3>……………..……. on the right side. To do this, ask
the patient to take a deep breath, while pressing
with the fingers upwards and inwards. Next, feel
for the right <4>…….…….
kidney.and then cross over to the
other side for the left <5>….………. Still on the left
kidney
side, palpate for an enlarged <6>………….…. spleen Finally,
moving to the lower abdomen, feel for the <7>…….
…. …….which is only felt if it is full.
bladder
The enlarged saclike portion of the digestive
tract, one of the principal organs of digestion,
located in vertebrates between the
esophagus and the small intestine.
_____belly/abdomen