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31 views28 pages

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Uploaded by

Jonalyn Gonzales Gaspar
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N D RY C H E M I CA L S

L AU
O T H ER C L E A N I N G
AND
AGENTS
INEN AND G U ES T
E 5: L AU NDE RING OF L
COR
CLOTHES
ERTA1. Water is a good cleaner but
W the chemicals are added to it
penetrate to the soiled items. It
is considered as an excellent
rinse aid. Water has alkali that is
used to neutralize the soils in
linen prior to the main washing
process.
STNEGDER
2. Detergents are used to wash
ET the linen, allowing water to
penetrate the soil and hold it in
suspension before rinsing. It has
high tolerance to hard water and
can stay efficient at all
temperatures.
Commercial laundry usually uses
a synthetic kind of detergent.
Ricbaf
srenetfos
3. Fabric softeners are used to
soften towels and reduce lint. It
helps in the ease of ironing of the
sheets.
charst
4. Starch is used to present a
crisp and fresh appearance. It is
added to the final rinse in the
washing of cotton table linen and
chef’s jackets. It lays down a
protective barrier on the fabric to
help prevent stain absorption.
Rous ro dcisa
5. Sour or acids are added in the final rinse to
neutralize residual alkalis because if alkalis are not
removed, white linen can turn yellow or gray. It also
contains optical brighteners.
Alkalies, a major component in most laundry
detergents, are soluble salts and a base that reacts
with an acid to neutralize it. They are effective in
removing dirt and stains from fabric without excessive
rubbing. Soluble salts of an alkali metal, such as
potassium or sodium, are good grease removers.
DRY-CLEANING CHEMICALS
1.Perchloroethylene – a nonflammable
chlorinated solvent. It should be stored in
a cool dark place when not in use. It is
instrumental in removing solvent soluble
soil such as oils and greases, among
others. It may, however, also dissolve
decorative items on clothing such as
sequins, beads, some buttons, and
synthetic trims. This is the most
commonly used dry-cleaning solvent.
DRY-CLEANING CHEMICALS
2. White Spirit – an original dry-
cleaning fluid and has been widely
used for many years. With the
banning of fluorocarbons for
environmental reasons, it is regaining
popularity. It is paraffin-based, has
good grease removal properties, but
is flammable.
DRY-CLEANING CHEMICALS
3. Hydrocarbon – a petroleum-based solvent which is flammable.
It is more suitable for use on delicate garments but needs a longer
wash cycle to allow it to work. Pre-spotting chemicals used on the
spotting table usually include the following:
Ink remover (for wet and dry ink)
Protein remover (for blood, feces, egg, milk, perspiration, and soil
stain on collars)
Paint, oil, and grease remover (for paint, lipsticks, oils, and
greases)
Tannin remover (for coffee, tea, red wine, and some fruit juices)
All-purpose spot remover ( for general light-soiling stains)
Classification and usage of stain
removal and agents
• Bleaches are used to whiten linen or to remove stains.
These are available in both liquid and powder form.
Chlorine bleaches are used on whites linen but when
used excessively, it can cause damage to the fabric. It is
also acts as a sterilizing agent, leaving linen in a
sanitary condition. The most common bleach is sodium
hypochlorite.
2. Oxidizing bleaches –
are also used to remove
stains. The most common
are hydrogen peroxide and
sodium perborate.
2. Antichlor – are used to inactivate
residual traces of chlorine bleaches
and prevent linen from yellowing. It
contains an optical brightener that
makes white linen seem whiter by
increasing light reflection and is
usually added to the second rinse
cycle with a high level of water.
Principles and procedures in Ironing and
pressing clothes and linens
Ironing is the process of using an iron to remove wrinkles from damp, washable
clothing. Pressing involves no sliding of the iron, the iron is placed on the fabric
and then lifted. Ironing and pressing removes wrinkles and improves the
appearance of garments. Clothes that have been washed, dried, and sprinkled
with water are ironed , while clothes that have been dry-cleaned are pressed.
Ironing is done by sliding a heated iron back and forth across a garment. The iron
should be kept moving so that the material would not be scorched. The ironing
board should be steady on its feet and should stand below the waist. A covering is
necessary for efficient ironing and pressing. There are two types of electric iron
that can be used: an electric dry iron, which is for household use, and an electric
steam presser for hotels.
Types of ironing equipment, tools, and
materials, and their proper usage.

•1. Flatwork feeder- this assist in feeding


sheets and table linen on the flatwork
ironer. It is comprised of clips which will
automatically feed sheets in to the
ironer.
2. Flat ironer- this is used to
iron and dry sheets and
table linens in one pressing.
3. Flatwork folder- it is a
folder attached to the
flatwork ironer and is
programmed to fold sheets
and table linens.
4. Roller irons- these are
used for ironing small items
like napkins and pillowcase.
5. Towel folding machines-
towels are fed manually and
will automatically be folded.
These are usually single
lane on multi-lane.
6. Presses- Hot head
presses smooth out clothes
and can also be used for
small items like napkins and
pillowcases.

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