KGiSL Institute of Technology

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Recognized by UGC, Accredited by NBA (IT)
365, KGiSL Campus, Thudiyalur Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore – 641035.

Department of Information Technology

Name of the Faculty : Shirley Josephine Mary R

Subject Name & Code : GE8076 & Professional Ethics In Engineering

Branch & Department : B.Tech Information Technology

Year & Semester : IV / VIII

Academic Year :2022-23

 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN
ENGINEERING
Unit - I

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES 10

Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic
virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty –
Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self
confidence – Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for
professional excellence and stress management.

2
UNIT – HUMAN
I a) Morals,
 VALUES
i) Sharing Yoga and
values and j) Honesty meditation
Ethics k) Courage for
b) Integrity l) Valuing time professional
c) Work ethic m)Cooperatio excellence
d)Service n and stress
learning n) Commitmen management
e) Civic t .
virtue o) Empathy
f) Respec p) Self
t for confidence
others q) Character
g)Living r) Spirituality
peaceful s) Introduction
ly to 3
Morals, values and
Ethics
 Morals are the welfare principles
enunciated by the wise people, based on
their experience and wisdom.
 They were edited, changed or modified or
evolved to suit the geography of the
region, rulers (dynasty), and in
accordance with development of
knowledge in science and technology and
with time.

4
Morals, values and
Ethics
• Morality is concerned with principles
and practices of morals such as:
• (a) What ought or ought not to be done
in a given situation?
• (b) What is right or wrong about the handling
of a situation? And
• (c) What is good or bad about the
people, policies, and ideals involved?

5
 Moral vs
Ethics
Moral Ethics
1. More general and prescriptive 1. Specific and descriptive. It is a
based on customs and traditions. critical
reflection on morals.
2. More concerned with the results 2. More concerned with the results
of of a
wrong action, when done. right action, when not done.
3. Thrust is on judgment and 3. Thrust is on influence, education,
punishment,in the name of God training through codes,
or by laws. guidelines, and correction.
4. In case of conflict between the 4. Less serious, hence second
two, priority only.
morality is given top priority, Less common. But relevant
because the damage is more. It is today, because
more common of complex interactions in the
and basic. modern society.
5. Example: Character flaw, 5. Example: Notions or beliefs
corruption, about manners, tastes,
extortion, and crime. customs, and
Value
s Values
• are the rules by
which we make decisions
about right and wrong,
should and shouldn't,
good and bad. They also
tell us which are more or
less important, which is
useful when we have to
trade off meeting one
value over another.
• beliefs of a person or social
group in which they have
an emotional investment
(either for or against
something); "he has
very
conservatives values―.
• “Values are the scales we use
to weigh our choices for our
actions, whether to move
towards or away from
something.”
7
Value
s• A value is defined as a principle
that promotes well-being or
prevents harm.‖
• Another definition is: Values are our
guidelines for our success—our
paradigm about what is
acceptable.‖
• Personal values are defined as:
―Emotional beliefs in principles
regarded as particularly favorable or
important for the individual.‖
• Our values associate emotions
to our experiences and 8
 Types of
Values SELF-HELP SKILLS: Care of possessions, diet,
• Right Conduct
(a)
hygiene, modesty, posture, self reliance, and tidy
appearance
(b) SOCIALSKILLS: Good behavior, good goo
manners, relationships, helpfulness, d
No
wastage, and environment, and goo
(c) ETHICAL SKILLS: Code of conduct, courage, d
dependability, duty, efficiency, ingenuity, initiative,
perseverance, punctuality, resourcefulness, respect
for all, and responsibility
• Peace
 – Attention, calmness, concentration, contentment,
dignity, discipline, equality, equanimity, faithfulness,
focus, gratitude, happiness, harmony, humility, inner
silence, optimism, patience, reflection, satisfaction,
self-acceptance, self- confidence, self- control, self-
discipline, self-esteem, self- respect, sense control,
tolerance, and understanding

9
Types of
Values
•Truth
– Accuracy, curiosity, discernment, fairness, fearlessness,
honesty, integrity (unity of thought, word, and deed), intuition,
justice, optimism, purity, quest for knowledge, reason, self-
analysis, sincerity, sprit of enquiry, synthesis, trust,
truthfulness, and determination.
• Love
– Acceptance, affection, care, compassion, consideration,
dedication, devotion, empathy, forbearance, forgiveness,
friendship, generosity, gentleness, humanness,
interdependence, kindness, patience, patriotism,
reverence, sacrifice, selflessness, service, sharing,
sympathy, thoughtfulness, tolerance and trust
• Non – violence
– (a) PSYCHOLOGICAL: Benevolence, compassion,
concern for others, consideration, forbearance,
forgiveness, manners, happiness, loyalty, morality, and
universal love
– (b) SOCIAL: Appreciation of other cultures and
religions, brotherhood, care of environment,
citizenship, equality, harmlessness, national 10
awareness, perseverance, respect for
PERSEVERANCE
• PERSEVERANCE is defined

as persistence,
determination, resolution,
tenacity, dedication,
commitment, constancy,
steadfastness, stamina,
endurance and
indefatigability.
• To persevere is described
as to continue, carry on,
stick at it (in formal), keep
going, persist, plug away,
(informal), remain, stand
firm, stand fast, hold on
and hang on.
• Perseverance builds
11
character.
ACCURACY
• ACCURACY means freedom from
mistake or error; conformity to truth or
to a standard or model and exactness.
• Accuracy is defined as correctness,
exactness, authenticity, truth, veracity,
closeness to truth (true value) and
carefulness.
• The value of accuracy embraces a large
area and has many implications.
• Engineers are encouraged to
demonstrate accuracy in their behavior
through the medium of praise and other
incentives.
• Accuracy includes telling the truth, not
exaggerating, and taking care over
one‘s work. 12
DISCERNMENT (விவாதம்)
• DISCERNMENT means discrimination,
perception, penetration, and insight.
• Discernment means the power to see what
is not obvious to the average mind.
• It stresses accuracy, especially in reading
character or motives.
• Discrimination stresses the power to distinguish
or select what is true or genuinely excellent.
• Perception implies quick and often
sympathetic discernment, as of shades
of feelings.
• Penetration implies a searching mind
that goes beyond
what is obvious or superficial. 13
Ethic
s Refers
•
beliefs
to moral,
of the
values and
individuals,
family or the society.

• It is an activity and process of

inquiry.

• It is different from non-moral

problems, when dealing with
issues and controversies.

• Refers to a particular set of

beliefs, attitudes, and habits
of individuals or family or
groups concerned with
morals.

• it is used to mean ‗morally

correct‘.
14
 Ethic
•s The study on ethics helps to know
the people‘s beliefs, values, and
morals, learn the good and bad of
them, and practice them to maximize
• their
It well-being
involves the and inquiry
happiness.
on the
existing form judgments
situations, and resolve the
• issues.
tells us how to live, to respond to
issues, through the duties, rights,
responsibilities, and obligations.

15
Integri
ty
 Integrity is defined as the unity of thought, word and deed
(honesty) and open mindedness.
 It include the capacity to communicate the factual
information so
that others can make well-informed decisions.
 It yields the person‘s ‗peace of mind‘, and hence adds
strength and consistency in character, decisions, and
actions.
 It enthuse people not only to execute a job well
but to achieve excellence in performance. It
helps them to own the responsibility and earn self-
respect and recognition by doing the job.
 Moral integrity is defined as a virtue, which reflects a
consistency of one‘s attitudes, emotions, and conduct in
relation to justified moral values.
16
 Work
•Ethics
Work ethic is a value based on
hard work and diligence.
(Attendiveness)
• A work ethic may include being
reliable, having initiative, or
pursuing new skills.
• Work ethic is basically the belief that
work is a good moral. Its also refers to
a sets of values that are defined and
characterized by diligence and
hard work. Work ethic can as well be
defined as the inherent ability of
work to strengthen character. 17
 The Importance of a Good Work
Ethic
 Work Ethics For Successful Careers
 Work ethics is a plus for achieving a successful
career. Holding key traits such as attendance,
character, teamwork, appearance, and
attitude add value to both you as a person
and your company.
 Appearance is one work ethic that really shows.
 A professional attitude towards yourself and your
chosen career is critical.
 Combining work ethics with professional skills
invites success to a celebration, and that
celebration is all about you.
18
 social problems exist in the
industrial/business scenario,
1 because:
The people desire to be recognized as individuals and treated
.
2 with dignity. Economic independence
.
3 Exploitation and bargained pay should be discouraged.
.
Privacy (personal freedom) of the employee, including
4 women, is to be protected.
.
5 Security during job and upon retirement:
. Recognition to non-work activities, such as leisure, paid
6 holiday on the day
.
7 of visit of a worthy, social service, and other developmental
. activities.
8 Hard work and productivity are very essential for the
. success of an industry. The quality of work life deserves
9
to be improved.
.10. As per the Protestant Work Ethics, the financial success is a
Employee separation.
sign that is
A different
favored by view
God. of work ethics:
• By work ethics, duties to the self, family, society, and nation are
fulfilled
• Values and virtues are cultivated and enjoyed by all human 19
SERVICE LEARNING
• Service learning refers to learning the service
policies, procedures, norms, and conditions,
other than ‗the technical trade practices‘.
• includes the characteristics of the work, basic
requirements, security of the job, and awareness
of the procedures, while taking decisions and
actions.
• helps the individuals to interact ethically
• Service Learning may be defined as the non-paid
activity, in which service is provided on voluntary
basis to the public (have-nots in the community),
non-profitable institutions, and charitable
organizations.
• The service learning is a methodology falling
under the category of experiential education.

20
SERVICE LEARNING
1. Connection to curriculum
 – Academic ties should be
clear and built upon existing
 disciplinary skills.

2. Learner’s voice
– Beyond being actively engaged in the project,
trainees have the opportunity to select, design,
implement, and evaluate their service activity.

3. Reflection
– Structured opportunities are created to think, talk,
and write about the service experience.

4. Partners in the community

– Partnership with community agencies are used to identify
genuine needs, provide mentorship, and contribute input
such as labor and expertise towards completing the
project.

21
Civic
Virtues
•Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights, as a
citizen of the village or the country or an integral
part of the society and environment.
• The duties are:
a) To pay taxes to the local government and state, in time.
b) To keep the surroundings clean and green
c) Not to pollute the water, land, and air by following
hygiene and proper garbage disposal.
d) To follow the road safety rules.
e) To vote the local or state government.
f To contest in the elections to the local or state
)
government.
g) To seek a public welfare facility for the residents.
h) To establish a green and safe environment,
i pollution free, corruption free.
)
People have inalienable right to accept or reject a
project in their
area. 22
Civic
Virtues
1. Civic Knowledge
2. Self-Restraint (Control)
3. Self-Assertion
4. Self-Reliance (Independance)

23
RESPECT FOR OTHERS

• This is a basic requirement for

nurturing friendship, team work, and
for the synergy it promotes and
sustains
Recognize and accept the existence of
other persons as human beings
 Respect others‘ ideas
(decisions),words, and labor (actions).
Show ‗goodwill‘ on others. Love others.
Allow others to grow.

24
LIVING PEACEFULLY

• Install Peace Within…

• Only who are at peace can spread peace.
• War or peace can be won only by peace, and not by wars
!
• Adopt:
– Nurture (Care For)
• Order in one‘s life (self-regulation, discipline, and duty).
• Pure thoughts in one‘s soul
• Creativity in one‘s head
• Beauty in one‘s heart
– Get
• Good health/body
– Act
• Help the needy with head, heart, and hands.
• Not hurting and torturing others either physically, verbally, or
25
mentally.
LIVING PEACEFULLY
• Factors that promote living, with
internal and external peace:
i Conducive environment (safe,
.
ventilated, illuminated (Lighted) and
comfortable).
ii.
iii Secured job and motivated with ‗recognition and
reward‘.
.

iv. Absence
Absence ofof threat or tension by pressure
unnecessary due to
interference
limitations
disturbance,of except or as
money or time.
v. Healthy labor relations and familyguidelines.
situations.
vi. Service to the needy (physically and mentally-
challenged) with
love and sympathy.
26
CARIN
G
• Caring is feeling for others.
• It includes showing respect to the
feelings of others.
• Caring reflected activiti such
is in
membersh es in
friendship, ip and variou
as
throughclubs
profession societies social s
community,
al country
, and in international
family, fraternit
and
councils.
transactio in y,
ns
the 27
SHARING

 Sharin is a process that describes

g of the (teaching,
transf knowledge experienc
and learning, (training
er
information),
commodities (material
e possession)
),
and facilities with others.
 is voluntary
 Sharing is ‗charity‘.
 sharing‘ is a culture.

28
Honesty

Truthfulness
Trustworthiness.
29
Truthfulne
ss
• Truthfulness is to face the
responsibilities upon telling
truth.
• Trustworthiness is maintaining integrity
and taking responsibility for personal
performance.
• Honesty is mirrored in many
ways. The common reflections
are:
• Beliefs (intellectual honesty).
• Communication (writing and speech).
• Decisions (ideas, discretion).
• Actions (means, timing, place, and the 30
goals).
Dishonesty actions

 Lying
 Deliberate deception (Purposeful Tricks)
 Withholding the information
 Not seeking the truth
 Not maintaining confidentiality
 Giving professional judgment
under the influence of extraneous
factors such as personal benefits
and prejudice
31
COURAGE

• tendency to accept and face

risks and difficult tasks in
rational ways.
• Self-confidence is the basic
requirement to nurture courage.
• three types
• Physical courage
• Social courage
• Intellectual courage
• Look before you leap.
32
characteristi
cs
• Perseverance (sustained hard
work)
• Experimentation
• Involvement
• Commitment

33
VALUING
TIME
 Time is rare resource. Once it is spent, it
is lost for ever.

34
COOPERATIO
N
• team-spirit present with every
individual engaged in
engineering.
• is activity between two persons or
sectors that aims at integration of
operations.
• Willingness to understand others,
think and act together and putting
this into practice, is cooperation.
• cooperation should exist or be
developed, and maintained
• The absence of cooperation leads
to lack of communication, 35
impediments to successful
cooperation are:
• Clash of ego of individuals.
• Lack of leadership and motivation
• Conflicts of interests, based on region,
religion, language, and caste.
• Ignorance and lack of interest.

36
Commitme
nt
 alignment to goals and adherence
to ethicalprinciples during the
activities

37
EMPATH
Y
 Empathy is social radar.
 Sensing what others feel
about, without their open talk,
is the essence of empathy
 defined as the ability to put one‘s
self into the psychological frame or
reference or point of view
of another, to know what the other
person feels.

38
To practice ‗Empathy‘, a leader must have
or develop in him, the following
characteristics…..
– Understanding others 
– Service orientation
– Developing others
– Leveraging diversity
– Political awareness
• benefits of
empathy
include:
• Good relations

39
SELF-CONFIDENCE
 positive thinking,
flexible and
willing to change.
 is positive attitude,
wherein the
individual has
some positive and
realistic view of
himself, with
respect to the
situations in which
one gets involved.
40
SELF-CONFIDENCE
• people with self-confidencehave the
following
characteristics:
• A self-assured to
Willing standing, to learn other
listen and adopt from s
• Frank to speak the
• truth,
respect others‘ efforts and give due
credit.
• factors that shape self-confidence in a
person are:
• Heredity and family environment
• Friendship
• Influence of superiors/role models,
• Training in the organization
41
CHALLENGES IN THE WORK
PLACE
• The biggest workplace challenge is
said to be the employee‘s
work ethics.
• interest in work and attendance
• Punctuality
• commitment to the job, and getting
along with others
• Demands inculcation ofgood character
in the workplace by
employees.

42
CHALLENGES IN THE WORK
PLACE
• good character
• The Four Temperaments
• Types of Character
• the sensitive
• the active (great and the mediocre)
• the apathetic (purely
 apathetic or dull),
• the intelligent.
• Ethics and Character
• Education and Character
• Building Character in the
Workplace 43
Building Character in the
Workplace
1. Employee Hiring, Training, and
Promotion Activities
– Institute and adopt an organization policy
statement
to positive character in the
workplace.
– Prominently andexplicitly include
character considerations in recruiting
procedures
– Emphasize the importance of character
and adherence to the
‗six pillars‘ of character(trustworthiness,
respect, responsibility, fairness,
caring and citizenship)
– Include evaluation of fundamental 44
Building Character in the
Workplace
2. Internal Communication
to create a friendly environment that praises positive role


modeling
 Through Internal newsletters, Workplace posters in
canteens and
recreation rooms, Mailers,
 3. External Communication
 In relations with customers, vendors and others.
 Advertise and market honoring consensual values (the six
pillars),
 Assure that none of your products and services
undermines character building,
 Include positive messages about voluntarism and
celebrate, and
 ‗Character counts‘ week in advertising, billings and
other mailers.
45
Building Character in the
Workplace
4. Financial and Human Resources
– Support local and national ‗character‘ projects
and the activities of the members
– Sponsor ‗character‘
movement through financial
support.
5. Community Outreach
– Use public outreach structures to
encourage
mentoring and other character-
building programs.
– Encourage educational and youth
organizations to become active in
character building.
– Use corporate influence to encourage 46
Business Ethics
SPIRITUALIT
YSpirituality
• is a way of living that emphasizes
the constant awareness and recognition of the
spiritual dimension (mind and its development) of
nature and people, with a dynamic balance
between the material development and the
spiritual development.
• spirituality includes the faith or belief in
supernatural power
• Spirituality includes creativity, communication,
recognition of the individual as human being,
respect to others, acceptance, vision, and
partnership
• Spirituality is motivation as it encourages the
colleagues to perform better. Creativity in
spirituality
doing and means conscious efforts to see things46
 Spirituality in the Workplace
• is promoted in the workplace by
adhering to the following
activities:
– Verbally respect the individuals as
humans and recognize their values in all
decisions
– Get to know the people with whom you
work and
know what is important to them.
Know their goals
– State your personal ethics and your
beliefs clearly.
– Support causes outside the business.
– Encourage leaders to use value-based
discretion in
making decisions.
– Demonstrate your own self-knowledge and 49
Spirituality for Corporate
Excellence
•The spiritual traits to be developed for
excellence in corporate activities are listed
as follows:
– Self-awareness
– Alertness in observation and quickness in decision
making,
– Being visionary and value based
– Holism
– Compassion
– Respect for diversity
– Moral Autonomy
– Creative thinking and constant reasoning
– Ability to analyze and synthesize
– Positive views of adversity
– Humility
50
– Sense of vocation
 Yog
 Yoga originated in India
a From sanskrit word ―yuj‖ meaning
union between mind ,body and
spirit.
 Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring
balance and health to the physical, mental,
emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the
individual, when adopted as a way of life, yoga
improves physical, mental, intellectual, and
spiritual health.
 Yoga offers an effective method of
managing and reducing stress, anxiety,
and depression, and numerous studies
demonstrate the efficacy of yoga on
mood-related disorders.
51
 YOG
Abreathing control and meditation.
Include ethical discipline, physical postures,


 Yoga is not only stretching.


Yoga is often depicted metaphorically as a
tree and comprises
eight aspects, or limbs:
 There are 8 limbs of yoga.
 yama (universal ethics), niyama(individual ethics), asana
(physical postures), pranayama (breath control),
pratyahara (control of the senses), dharana
(concentration), dyana (meditation), and samadhi (bliss)

 Physical postures called ―Asana‖ is just one of

the eight limbs of yoga
 Majority of types more concerned with
mental and spiritual well being.
52
Tree of  When one thinks about Yoga
today, the
Yoga first thing that comes to mind
is the physical practice of
postures, or Asana.


As described in Patañjali‘s
Yoga Sutras, Asana is only 1
of the 8 limbs of Yoga
 Applying the other 7 will not
only deepen our physical and
spiritual practice but also
help take our yoga off the
mat and into our daily lives.
 To help better understand
how the 8-step path comes
all together, BKS Iyengar‘s
representation of the
53
Tree of Yoga is shown in
1.Roots: Foundation for living honorably
and clearly - Yama
 Yama – a list of outward
observances representing principles
of ethical behavior

Ahimsa – non harming, compassion
for self and others
 Satya – truthfulness, being honest with
ourselves and others
 Asteya – non-stealing, freeing oneself from
the desire to have something that has not
earned or paid for
 Brahmacharya – wise and balanced use of
energy
54

2.Trunk: Establishing a base of
purity in one’s body
and mind - Niyama
 Niyama – Inward personal

observances that improve the self

and surrounding
relations
 Sauca – cleanliness in one‘s body,
mind, and surroundings, treating our
body as a temple
 Santosha – practice of contentment,
seeing the good
in things, counting one‘s blessings
 Tapas – heat -transformation to promote a
healthy mind, Soul and Body
55

Branches: Strong and flexible to
move with the wind of life
 Asana – physical practice of yogic
postures

56
Leaves: Drawing in life force
through the exchange of
breath
 Pranayama – mastering the

science of breath, breath control

57
Bark: Protecting the tree from
outer elements and preventing its essence
from flowing outward

 Pratyahara – turning awareness

inward, sense withdrawal

58
Sap: Juice which carries the energy
on this inward journey, links
the whole tree as one
 Dharana – focused state of
concentration, bringing the mind to
a single point of focus

59
8.Fruit: The essence of the
tree
 Samadhi – bliss, to feel unity, peace,
freedom

60
 What is

Stress?
Hans Selye first introduced the term stress into
life science. The term stress is derived from the
Latin word Stringere, which means ―to be
drawn tight‖.
 Stress is a complex, dynamic process of
interaction between a person and his or her
life. Stress can affect one‘s health, work
performance, social life, and the relationship
with family members.
 Eminent behavioral scientist Stephen Robbins
defines stress as that which arises from an
opportunity, demand, constraint, threat, or
challenge, when the outcomes of the event are
important and uncertain.
61
Job
Stress
 Job stress can lead to poor health and
even injury. Hence we can say that stress
is a silent killer, and prolonged exposure
to stress may exert harmful effects on
physical, psychological, and behavioral
well-being of an individual.
 According to the National Institute for
occupational Safety and Health, 80% of
workers experience job stress


62
IMPACT OF STRESS
 One of the studies quoted that stress-related
disorders evolvegradually through four
recognizable stages.
 1.In the first, psychological changes such as
anxiety, irritability, and insomnia arise, due to
over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system.
 2.In the second stage symptoms such as high
blood pressure, elevated heart rate, and
increased intestinal motility surface.
 3.In the third stage, a more profound
physical or biochemical imbalance sets in
 4.In the final fourth stage, irreversible symptoms
that often require surgical or long-term
management appear. 63
IMPACT OF STRESS
 Increased sympathetic activation and
the release of stress hormones,
including adrenaline, lead to increases
in heart rate, blood pressure,
breathing, body temperature, and
muscle tension.
 Similar to stress in the workplace,
college students are also often
impacted by stress. Academic stress
can result from many different
imperative stressors, such as final
grades, term papers, examinations, 64
EFFECT OF YOGA IN
STRESS
 certain yoga techniques may improve
physical and mental health through
down regulation of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
 The HPA axis and SNS are triggered as a
response to a physical or psychological
demand (stressor), leading to a cascade of
physiologic, behavioral, and psychological
effects, primarily as a result of
the release of cortisol and
catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) 65
Clinical Significance of
yoga
Reduced stress
 Spiritual growth
 Sense of well being
 Reduced anxiety and muscle tension
 Increased strength and flexibility
 Slowed aging
 Sound sleep
 Improve many medical conditions:
 Lower heart rate
 Lower blood pressure
 Allergy and asthma symptom relief
 Smoking cessation 64
EFFECT OF YOGA IN
STRESS
 Practicing yoga can be a best
thing a provider can do for
himself/herself
 Doing simple ―Pranayam‖
(breathing technique) in breaks
can calm their mind.
 Practicing yoga for ½ hr. a day can
make their body fit to take care of
others.
 Yogic thought process- will teach 65