organization structure

By: Baraa Bulifa

ID:2128
?Define organization structure .1
?List types of organization structures .2
?Identify the value chains .3
?Define the term competitive advantages .4
Discuss the change process in .5
?organizations
Discuss different approaches to change .6
? such as innovation, reengineering, etc
Define the types, roles, functions and .7
careers available in the field of information
?system
?Define organization structure .1

Organizational structure refers to

organizational subunits and the way they relate
to the overall organization. An organization’s
structure depends on its goals and approach to
management, and can affect how it views and
.uses information systems
 ?List types of organization structures .2
traditional organizational structure:
An organizational structure in which major
department heads report to a president or top-level
.manager
flat organizational structure : An organizational*
structure with a reduced number of management
.layers
empowerment*:
Giving employees and their managers more
responsibility and
authority to make decisions, take certain actions,
.and have more control over their jobs
project organizational structure:
.A structure centered on major products or services
team organizational structure : A structure centered
.on work teams or groups
Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative
:Work
A structure that employs individuals, groups, or
complete business units in geographically dispersed
areas that can last for a few weeks or years, often
.requiring telecommunications or the Internet
 ?Identify the value chains .3
value chain: A series (chain) of activities that an
organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in
.such a way that the value of the input is increased

supply chain: A key value chain whose primary activities

include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics,
.marketing and sales, and service

supply chain management(SCM): The management of all

the activities required to get the right product into the
right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right
time and at the right cost from the identification of
suppliers and the acquisition of raw materials through
.manufacture and customer delivery
?Define the term competitive advantages .4

competitive advantage A significant and

(ideally) long term benefit to a company over its
.competition
?Discuss the change process in organizations .5
Positive change is a key ingredient for any
.successful organization
Innovation is the application of new ideas to the
products, processes, and activities of a firm,
leading to increased value. Innovation is the
catalyst for the growth and success of any
organization Innovation may be classified as
.sustaining or disruptive
Discuss different approaches to change such as innovation, .6
? reengineering, etc
: continuous improvement
In contrast to reengineering, the idea of continuous improvement is a
form of innovation that constantly seeks ways to improve business
processes and add value to products and services. This continual change
will increase customer satisfaction and loyalty and ensure long-term
.profitability

: Reengineering
Reengineering, also called process redesign and business process
reengineering (BPR), involves the radical redesign of business processes,
organizational structures, information systems, and values of the
organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results. Successful
reengineering can reduce delivery time, increase product and service
quality, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase revenues and
Innovation is the application of new ideas to the
products, processes, and activities of a firm,
leading to increased value. Innovation is the
catalyst for the growth and success of any
organization. It can build and sustain profits,
create new challenges for the competition, and
.provide added value for customers
Innovation and change are absolutely required in
today’s highly competitive global environment;
without both, the organization is at risk of losing
its competiveness and becoming obsolete
: Outsourcing
Outsourcing is a long-term business arrangement in which a
company contracts for services with an outside organization that
has expertise in providing a specific function. Organizations often
outsource a process so they can focus more closely on their core
business—and target their limited resources to meet strategic
.goals

: Downsizing
Downsizing, a term frequently associated with outsourcing,
.involves reducing the number of employees to cut costs

:Offshore outsourcing (also called offshoring)

is an outsourcing arrangement in which the organization providing
the service is located in a country different from the firm obtaining
the services. Offshoring of tasks that require significant customer
interaction has led to problems due to culture and language
Define the types, roles, functions and careers available in the field of .7
?information system
: careers
Chief Information Officer
The role of the chief information officer (CIO) is to employ
an IS department’s equipment and personnel to help the
organization attain its goals. CIOs also understand the
importance of finance, accounting, and return on
.investment
Senior IS Managers
A large organization may have several people employed in
senior IS manage levels with job titles such as vice
president of information systems, man of information
systems, and chief technology officer (CTO). A central role
of all these people is to communicate with other areas of
Operations Roles
The operations group is responsible for the day-to-day running of IS
hardware to process the organization’s information systems
workload
Data center manager. Data center managers are responsible for
the maintenance and operation of the organization’s computing
facilities that may house a variety of hardware devices mainframe
and or supercomputers, large numbers of servers, storage devices,
and networking equipment
System operator. System operators run and maintain IS
equipment. They are responsible for efficiently starting, stopping,
and correctly operating
Information systems security analyst: IS security analysts are
responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of their
organizations’ systems and data
LAN administrator : Local area network (LAN) administrators set
up and manage network hardware, software, and security processes.
They manage the addition of new users, software, and devices to the
network. They also isolate and fix operations problems
Development Roles
The development group is responsible for implementing the new information
systems required to support the organization’s existing and future business
.needs
Software developer: These individuals are involved in writing the software
that customers and employees use. This includes testing and debugging the
software as well as maintaining and upgrading software after it is released for
operation
Systems analyst: Systems analysts frequently consult with management
and users, and they convey system requirements to software developers and
network architects
Programmer: Programmers convert a program design developed by a
.systems analyst or software developer into one of many computer languages
To do this, they must write, debug, and test the program to ensure that it will
.operate in a way that it will meet the users’ needs
Web developers: These professionals design and maintain Web sites,
including site layout and function, to meet the client’s requirements. The
creative side of the job includes creating a user-friendly design, ensuring easy
navigation, organizing content, and integrating graphics and audio
Support
The support group provides customer service for the
employees, customers, and business partners who rely on
the firm’s information systems and service to accomplish
.their work
Database administrator: Database administrators
(DBAs) design and setup databases to meet an
organization’s needs. DBAs ensure that the data Bases
operate efficiently, and they perform fine
tuning, upgrading, and testing modifications as needed
System support specialist: These skilled specialists
respond to telephone calls, electronic mail, and other
inquiries from computer users regarding hardware,
software, networking, or other IS-related problems or
.needs
!Thanks
REFERENCE
principles of information systems 13th