HOSTAGE

QU IR IN
O GRAN
HOSTA D
GE TAK
TAKING
STAND
I NG

REPORTER: CANUTO & CARACA I P I L HO

STAGE
TAKING
 DEFINITION
Hostage Taking is a serious crime involving the
unlawful seizure or detention of an individual against
their will, often accompanied by threats of harm or
death. The perpetrator aims to compel a third party,
such as a government, organization, or individual, to
fulfill certain demands in exchange for the hostage's
release.
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE
VIDEO
• QUIRINO GRANDSTAND HOSTAGE TAKING

The Quirino Grandstand Hostage Taking, also

known as the 2010 Manila Hostage Crisis, was
a tragic event that occurred on August 23,
2010, at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park,
Manila, Philippines. The incident involved a
dismissed police officer, Rolando Mendoza,
who took 25 people hostage on a tourist bus.
The crisis unfolded over 11 hours and ended
with a deadly assault by Philippine authorities,
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE
VIDEO
• HOSTAGE SITUATION
The hostage drama began at approximately 9:30 AM
when Mendoza, a former senior inspector of the Manila
Police District (MPD), hijacked a tourist bus carrying 20
tourists from Hong Kong, a tour guide, and four Filipinos.
Mendoza's motive was to demand reinstatement to his
former position and the dismissal of charges against him.
He claimed he had been unfairly dismissed and sought a
fair hearing.
Negotiations between Mendoza and authorities initially
appeared promising, with some hostages being released.
However, the situation deteriorated rapidly when
Mendoza became agitated after receiving a letter from
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE
VIDEO
• DEADLY ASSAULT
As the day wore on, Mendoza threatened to kill a
hostage. The police decided to remove his brother from
the scene, which further agitated Mendoza. Media
coverage of his brother's arrest fueled his anger, and he
began firing shots.
When the bus driver managed to escape and reported
that hostages were being harmed, authorities decided to
launch an assault. The decision to immobilize the bus,
believing Mendoza had hand grenades, led to a chaotic
and deadly confrontation.
The assault, which involved tear gas and gunfire,
 MISTAKES
• LACK OF A CLEAR PLAN AND COORDINATION
The police were criticized for their lack of a clear plan
and effective coordination during the 12-hour standoff.
The situation was allowed to drag on, with no decisive
action taken until the bus driver escaped and reported
that hostages were being harmed.

• EXCESSIVE LIVE MEDIA COVERAGE

The extensive live news coverage of the hostage
situation was a major concern. Mendoza was able to
watch the news on a monitor inside the bus, which
robbed the police of any element of surprise and
 MISTAKES
• DELAY IN TAKING ACTION
The police were criticized for their delay in taking
decisive action to end the hostage situation. They
initially held back, believing Mendoza was not a terrorist
and that negotiations could resolve the crisis. However,
this delay allowed the situation to escalate, leading to
the tragic outcome.
• POSSIBLE SYMPATHY FOR MENDOZA
Some speculated that police officers, accustomed to a
culture of graft and favoritism, might have had a level of
sympathy for Mendoza, blinding them to the seriousness
of the situation. Mendoza claimed he had not received a
fair hearing in his case and only wanted to be heard.
 MISTAKES
• THE ASSAULT AND USE OF FORCE
The decision to storm the bus and the use of force during
the final assault were widely criticized. Many argued that
de-escalation tactics should have been prioritized, and
the assault was poorly executed, leading to the tragic
loss of life.

• LACK OF COMMUNICATION
The Hong Kong government complained about the lack of
communication from Philippine officials during the crisis.
They were unable to reach President Benigno Aquino III
throughout the ordeal, highlighting the communication
breakdowns during the incident.
 RIGHT ACTIONS TO DO
• PRIORITIZE HOSTAGE SAFETY
The primary goal of any hostage negotiation should be
the safe release of the hostages. This requires a careful
balance between de-escalating the situation and
ensuring the safety of the hostages.

• ESTABLISH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Establishing clear and consistent communication with the
hostage-taker is crucial. This involves listening to their
demands, understanding their motivations, and building
rapport to create an environment conducive to
negotiation.
 RIGHT ACTIONS TO DO
• DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
A well-defined plan that outlines the roles and
responsibilities of all involved parties is essential. This
plan should include strategies for negotiation,
containment, and potential intervention.

• CONTROL MEDIA ACCESS

Limiting media access and coverage helps to prevent the
hostage-taker from gaining a platform for their demands
and potentially escalating the situation.
 RIGHTS ACTIONS TO DO
• UTILIZE EXPERT NEGOTIATORS
Trained and experienced negotiators are vital for
successfully resolving hostage situations. They possess
the skills and knowledge to communicate effectively,
build rapport, and de-escalate the situation.

• CONSIDER ALL OPTIONS

Law enforcement agencies should consider all options for
resolving the crisis, including negotiation, intervention,
and potential use of force. Each option should be
carefully assessed based on the specific circumstances of
the situation.
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE VIDEO

• 2023 IPIL HOSTAGE TAKING

on Monday, June 12th, 2023, in the municipality of Ipil,
Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. The incident involved a
lone gunman, Eduardo Pijana Andres, who took several
hostages at the Land Transportation Office (LTO) in the
town. The incident began with Andres attempting a
robbery, during which he took a 75-year-old man hostage.
He then moved to the LTO, where he took two women
hostage. One of the women managed to escape, but the
other remained captive.
The hostage situation lasted for several hours, with police
negotiators attempting to de-escalate the situation and
secure the release of the remaining hostage.
 MISTAKES
• LACK OF NEGOTIATION
The search results mention that the police asked the
hostage-taker to surrender peacefully but don't detail
any attempts at negotiation. It's unclear whether any
trained negotiators were present or if any effort was
made to establish communication with the hostage-taker
before resorting to lethal force.
• TRIGGERING THE HOSTAGE TAKER
The report states that the hostage-taker pointed his gun
at the victim and cocked its hammer, prompting the
police officer to fire. While this action may have been a
direct threat, it's possible that the police officer's
presence and the situation's escalation contributed to
 MISTAKES
• LACK OF DE-ESCALATION
TECHNIQUES
The search results don't mention any attempts by the
police to de-escalate the situation using non-lethal
methods. Techniques like verbal persuasion, creating a
safe space, or offering the hostage-taker a way out could
have potentially prevented the escalation to lethal force.
 RIGHT ACTIONS TO DO
• IMMEDIATE NEGOTIATION
Establishing communication with the hostage-taker as
soon as possible is crucial. Trained negotiators should
have been deployed to attempt to understand the
hostage-taker's motivations, build rapport, and explore
potential solutions.

• DE-ESCALATION TECHNIQUES
The police should have used techniques like verbal
persuasion, active listening, and offering the hostage-
taker a way out to de-escalate the situation. This could
have involved focusing on the hostage-taker's needs and
concerns, creating a safe space for him to surrender, and
 RIGHT ACTIONS TO DO
• NON-LETHAL OPTIONS
The police should have explored all non-lethal options
before resorting to lethal force. This could have included
using less-lethal weapons like tasers or pepper spray,
deploying a SWAT team trained in hostage rescue, or
utilizing tactical maneuvers to safely secure the hostage-
taker. the police in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay, successfully
While
rescued the hostage, the situation raises questions about
the application of best practices in hostage negotiation
and crisis intervention. The lack of detailed information
about the police response makes it challenging to fully
assess the situation. However, it's clear that a more
comprehensive approach involving negotiation, de-
escalation techniques, and the exploration of non-lethal
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

a. First Responders (FR)

1) Secure the incident scene and establish perimeter
security.
2) Give situation update to concerned TOC and inform
the Hostage
Negotiation Team (HNT) for possible deployment.
3) Do not allow unauthorized persons at the incident
scene.
4) Gather information about the hostage-taker and
hostage(s) from
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

a. First Responders (FR)

10) If the situation becomes volatile, request for
deployment of HNT.
However, at any given time, if the hostage-taker is
neutralized, the
HNT may no longer be necessary.
11) Brief the TL, HNT of the situation and turn-over the
conduct of
negotiation.
12) Stay at the incident scene to maintain security,
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

There shall be only one IC holding at least a senior rank
and/or one with
experience in hostage/crisis situation or relative training.
Until such time that
he/she officially designates a spokesperson, he/she may
issue appropriate
press statements and continue to perform the role of the
spokesperson.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

1) The IC shall, upon assessment of the situation, prepare
necessary
plans including but not limited to the following:
a) Emergency Response Plan - depends on the threat
posed
by the hostage-takers and need of the HNT and IC.
b) Breakout Plan - possibility of breakout shall be
considered
immediately upon drawing up of negotiation strategy.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

d) Surrender Plan - shall be drawn up in a way that the
Hostages’
lives will not be jeopardized.
e) Hostage Reception/Release - for security reasons,
released
hostages shall be contained and isolated.
f)
Collection Plan - safety of the police personnel involved is
the priority consideration
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
a) Negotiate
(1) Situation must be stabilized first before the start of
the
negotiation.
(2) All attempts to negotiate must be done by remote
means.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
(4) Do not allow outsiders (non-law enforcement officers)
into the negotiation process, unless their presence is
extremely necessary in the solution of the crisis. If so,
they shall be properly advised on the Do’s and Don’ts
of the hostage negotiation.
(5) Provide relevant information to the tactical teams.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
(6) All communication with the hostage-taker must be
secured and protected.
(7) Always adhere to the ethics of negotiation.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
b) Arrest
(1) Effect the arrest of the hostage-taker when situation
warrants.
(2) Restrain the hostage-taker and conduct thorough
search on his/her body and the immediate vicinity of
the incident scene.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
b) Arrest
(3) Inform the arrested person of the circumstances of
his/
her arrest, and recite the Miranda warning, and
antitorture warning.
4) All evidence must be secured and properly
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

b. Incident Commander (IC)

2) In handling hostage situations, the IC shall be guided
by the
following courses of actions:
c) Tactical assault
(1) It may be resorted to if the hostage-taker poses
imminent
danger of causing death or injury to the negotiator or
hostage.
(2) When all peaceful means were utilized and failed
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

c.
Hostage Negotiation Team (HNT)
Negotiators shall be designated by IC. No one shall be
allowed to talk
to the hostage-taker without clearance from the
Negotiator or IC. The HNT
is directly under the control and supervision of the IC.
The HNT consists
of the team leader/coordinator, primary negotiator,
secondary negotiator,
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

c.
Hostage Negotiation Team (HNT)
1) Set-up Negotiation Operation Center (NOC);
2) Initiate contact with the hostage-taker and obtain
other information;
3) Give updates to the IC and brief him/her of the current
situation;
4) Evaluate the necessity of resorting to other option
without
compromising the safety of the hostage(s);
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

c.
Hostage Negotiation Team (HNT)
6) Facilitate all deliveries, hostage receptions, and
release and
possible surrender of hostage-taker; and
7) Attend to all meetings called by the CMC or IC.
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

d. Assault Team
An assault team shall be alerted for deployment in case
the negotiation
fails. Members of the assault team shall wear authorized
and easily
recognizable uniform during the conduct of the
operation.

e. Crowd Control
A crowd control team shall be deployed to manage and
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

f.Support Personnel.
Support personnel shall include those in charge of
managing traffic,
firefighting, providing medical emergency assistance,
crime scene processing and rescue.

g. After the neutralization of the hostage-taker/s and

rescue of the
hostage/s, the following processing and debriefing
procedures shall be
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

1) Clear and secure the crime scene to avoid

contamination of
evidence;
2) Evacuate the hostages and other injured persons;
3) Conduct CSI;
4) Conduct debriefing on the hostages and participating
personnel;
5) Take the sworn statement of witnesses, hostages,
hostage-taker,
and key participants in the incident;
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

4) Coordinate with the management once the EOD/K9

declares the
area as cleared and assist the people in resuming their
businesses.
c.
Procedures for FR if the EOD/K9 confirmed the presence
of an explosive
component or Improvised Explosive Device (IED):
1) Report the progress of the incident to the TOC for the
following:
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

2) Lock down the affected area to a distance of at least

300 meters
away;
d. Procedures for FR in case of Bomb Explosion
1) Upon receipt of the report:
a) Identify exact location of the incident and proceed to
the
scene immediately;
b) Direct EOD/K9 teams to proceed to the area;
c) Notify HHQ of the situation;
Police Operational Procedure
(POP)
• 4.2 Hostage Situation
In handling hostage situations, the following guidelines
and procedures shall be undertaken:

d) Report the incident to the TOC for the following:

(1) Summon ambulance, fire trucks and SOCO team to
the
scene and other resources as may be determined;
(2) Request for deployment of additional police personnel
to establish traffic control, crowd control and security;
2) Upon arrival at the scene:
a) Cordon the area at least 150 meters from the location
of
explosion;
Thanks!