 Sixty five percent of 12th graders attend school in a particular urban district.

A random sample of 450

12th grade children is selected
; ; ;

 Find the probability that at least 290 are actually enrolled in the school

 Find the probability that at most 290 are actually enrolled in the school

o
 Standard normal probabilities
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879

0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389

1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319

1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
 Suppose that X is normally distributed with the mean and variance given as 68 and 12.25, that is X ~
N(68, 12.25) if a random sample of 12 is taken, what is the probability that the sample mean will be
more than 70?

9761

 The mean number of days per year that business travellers are on road for business is 115 with a
standard deviation of 60 days. A sample of 50 business travellers is selected. What is the probability
that the sample mean will be more than 115 days per year?


  In order to estimate the average time spent on the computer terminals per student at a local university,
a sample of 18 students over a one-week period was taken and gave a sample mean of 9 hours with a
standard deviation of 1.2 hours. Assume normality, construct a 99% confidance of the true average time
spend on the computer terminals.o

 In order to estimate the average time spent on the computer terminals per student at a local
university, a sample of 38 students over a one-week period was taken and gave a sample mean of 9
hours with a standard deviation of 1.2 hours. Assume normality, construct a 99% confidance of the
true average time spend on the computer terminals.
o

1.2918
 t distribution critical values
Lower tail probability (1  )
df 0.75 0.90 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995 0.9975 0.999
16 .690 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.252 3.686
17 .689 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.223 3.646
18 .688 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.197 3.610
19 .688 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.174 3.579
20 .687 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.153 3.552
21 686 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.135 3.527
22 .686 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.119 3.505
23 .685 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.104 3.485
24 .685 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.090 3.467
25 .684 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.978 3.450
26 684 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.067 3.435
27 .684 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.057 3.421
28 .683 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.047 3.408
29 .683 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.038 3.396
30 .683 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.030 3.385
35 .682 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 2.996 3.340
40 .681 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 2.971 3.307
45 .680 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690 2.952 3.281
50 .679 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 2.937 3.261
55 .679 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.668 2.925 3.245
60 .679 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 2.915 2.232
70 .678 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 2.899 3.211
80 .678 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 2.887 3.195
90 .677 1.291 1.662 1.987 2.368 2.632 2.878 3.183
100 .677 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 2.871 3.174
120 .677 1.289 1.657 1.980 2.351 2.618 2.860 3.153
200 .676 1.286 1.652 1.972 2.345 2.601 2.838 3.131
500 .675 1.283 1.648 1.965 2.334 2.586 2.820 3.107
 .674 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 2.807 3.090
 The test marks for 51 students produced a mean of 72,8% and a variance of 275,56%. If the
distribution of the marks may be assumed to be approximately normally distributed. Construct a
95% confidence interval for the standard deviation of the marks.


 Chi-square distribution critical values
1
df 0.005 0.010 0.025 0.050 0.100 0.900 0.950 0.975 0.990 0.995
15 4.60 5.23 6.26 7.26 8.55 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80
16 5.14 5.81 6.91 7.96 9.31 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27
17 5.70 6.41 7.56 8.67 10.91 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72
18 6.26 7.02 8.23 9.39 10.86 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.80 37.16
19 6.84 7.63 8.91 10.12 11.65 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58
20 7.43 8.26 9.59 10.85 12.44 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00
21 8.03 8.90 10.28 11.59 13.24 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 41.40
22 8.64 9.54 10.98 12.34 14.04 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80
23 9.26 10.20 11.69 13.09 14.85 32.01 35.17 38.08 41.64 44.18
24 9.89 10.86 12.40 13.85 15.66 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56
25 10.52 11.52 13.12 14.61 16.47 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93
26 11.16 12.20 13.84 15.38 17.29 35.56 38.88 41.92 45.64 48.29
27 11.81 12.88 14.57 16.15 18.11 36.74 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64
28 12.46 13.56 15.31 16.93 18.94 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99
29 13.12 14.26 16.05 17.71 19.77 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34
30 13.79 14.95 16.79 18.49 20.60 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67
40 20.71 22.16 24.43 26.51 29.05 51.81 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77
50 27.99 29.71 32.36 34.76 37.69 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49
60 35.53 37.48 40.48 43.19 46.46 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95
80 51.17 53.54 57.15 60.39 64.28 96.59 101.88 106.63 112.33 116.32
90 59.20 61.75 65.65 69.13 73.29 107.57 113.15 118.14 124.12 128.30
100 67.33 70.06 74.22 77.93 82.36 118.50 124.34 129.56 135.81 140.17
 In a random sample of 500 people 160  In a random sample of 500 people 160 didn’t
didn’t have drivers license. Construct a have drivers license. Construct a 99%
99% confidence interval for the confidence interval for the proportion of
proportion of people without drivers’ people with drivers’ license.
license.

o o


 Zero is not included in the interval; we can therefore conclude that there’s a difference between the two
means.
 𝑛1= 11 𝑥 1=75 𝑠1 =6.1 𝑛2=14 𝑥 2= 50 𝑠 2=5.3

√ √
2 2
( 1 ) 1 ( 2 ) 2
𝑛 −1 𝑠 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑠 (10 ) ( 6.1 )2+ ( 13 ) ( 5.3 )2
𝑝 = = =5.6617
𝑛1 +𝑛 2 −2 11+14 − 2


 A business consultant agency wants to estimate the difference between the percentages of users of two
types of toothpastes who will never switch to another toothpaste. In a sample of 100 users of Toothpaste
A, 31 say that they will never switch to another toothpaste. In another sample of 100 users of Toothpaste
B, 24 say that they will never switch to another toothpaste. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the
difference between the two population proportions.

 Zero is included in the interval; we can therefore conclude that there no difference between the
percentages of users of two types of toothpastes
 At a certain hospital, the average fee payed by patients per consultation is R240 with the standard
deviation of R40. Suppose that a random sample of 36 patients is examined and it’s observed that
the sample fee is R258. Test at 1% significance level whether there is a reason to believe that the true
average fee differs from R240.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v) Reject if 2.7 2.576. We reject at 1% level of significance.

(vi) Conclude that the true consultation fee differs from R240.
  A random sample of 150 women shows that 45 are against certain new working hours. A newspaper
claims that less than 33% of women are against the new working hours. Test at 0,05 level of
significance if the percentage of women against the new working hours is less than 33.

𝐻 0 : 𝑝= 0.33 𝐻 𝑎 :𝑝<0.33
^ − 𝑝0
𝑝
𝑍=

√
¿
𝑝 0 ( 1 −𝑝 0 )
0.3𝑛− 0.33

¿
√ ( 0.33 ) ( 0.67 )
150
¿=− 0.7814

− 𝑍 1 −𝛼 =− 𝑍 0.95 =−1.645

o Fail to reject at 0.05 significance level.

o Conclude that the percentage of women against the new working hours is not less than 33.
 A manufacturer of the sweets must monitor the temperature at which the sweets are backed. Too
much variation will cause inconsistency in the taste of the sweets. Past records show that the variance
of the temperature differs from 1.440. A random sample of 30 batches of sweets is selected and the
variance of the temperature is 4.41. Test at 1% significance level if indeed the variance temperature
differs from 1.440.
2 2
𝐻 0 :𝜎 =1.440 𝐻 𝑎 :𝜎 ≠ 1.440
2
( 𝑛 −1 ) 𝑠
𝜒2=
𝜎 20

o or

o Since 88.8125 is > 52.34, is rejected at 1% significance level.

o Conclude that the variance temperature differs from 1.440
 The management of a supermarket wanted to investigate if male customers spend more money on
average than the female customers. A sample of 31 female customers and 51 male customers yielded
the following results with respect to the amounts spent at this supermarket.
𝑥1 =4 7 𝑠 1=10 𝑥 2=5 7 𝑠2 =31
 Assume that the amount spent at this supermarket by the groups is normally distributed. The
management would like to perform the relevant hypothesis test at the 1% level of significance.
o

𝑥1− 𝑥2 4 7 −5 7
¿
¿ − 2.1287
√
𝑧=

√
2 2
𝑠2
𝑠2 ( 10 ) ( 31 )
1
+ 2 +
𝑛1 𝑛 2 31 51

− 𝑍 1 −𝛼 =− 𝑍 0.9 9=− 2.326

o Fail to reject , at 1% significance level.

o Conclude that male customers do not spend more money on average than the female customers
 Before the drug 168 171 182 167 174 170
After the drug 171 170 180 173 178 172
Difference -3 1 2 -6 -4 -2
 The physician wants to use the parametric procedure to test if there is a significance change of the
blood pressure before and after taking the drug. Test at 0.05 level of significance.

√ √
1 2 1
1 − 12 ∑ 𝑑 −
2
( ∑ 𝑑 ) 70 − ( −12 ) 2

𝑑= ∑ 𝑑= =−2 𝑠𝑑 =
𝑛
=
6
=3.0332
𝑛 6 𝑛 −1 5

o
𝑑 −2
𝑡= = =− 1.6151

( 𝑠𝑑
√𝑛 ) ( 3.0332
√6 )
±𝑡 𝛼 = ±𝑡 5 ; 0.975 = ±2.571
𝑛− 1 ;1 −
2

o Fail to reject at 5% level of significance.

o Conclude that there’s no significant change in the blood pressure before and after the drug.
 The national lottery commissioner’s office wanted to determine if the percentages of men who often
play the lottery is greater than that of women who often play the lottery. A sample of 200 men taken
by the commissioner’s office showed that 120 of them play the lottery often. Another sample of 500
women showed that 240 of them play the lottery often. Testing at the 1% level of significance, can you
conclude that the percentage of all men who often play the lottery is greater than that of women who
often play the lottery?
o

^ 1+𝑛 2 𝑝
𝑛1 𝑝 ^2 ( 200 ) ( 0.6 ) + ( 500 ) ( 0.48 )
^=
𝑝 ¿
𝑛 1+ 𝑛2 200 +500
o 0.6 −0.48
¿ ¿ 2.8697
√ ( 0.5143 ) ( 0.4857 )( 1
+
1
200 500 )
𝑍 1 − 𝛼 =𝑍 0.99=2.326

o Reject if . Reject at 1% level of significance.

o Conclude that percentage of all men who often play the lottery is greater than that of women
Test at 1% for the significant difference amongst the treatment means

Y
Ri2 2
T ni Ri n 920.65 G 2 11 6, 5 
2

ij CF   9 0 4, 8 1 6 7
N 15
1 4 35,5 315,0625
SSTr  Rn  CF 917,3305  904,8167 12,5138
2

2 5 40,8 332,928
3 6 40,2 269,34 SST  Yij2  CF 920, 65  904,8167 15,8333
15 116,5 917,3305 𝑆 𝑆 𝐸=𝑆𝑆𝑇 − 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 =15.8333−12.5138=3.3195

ANOVA
Source SS df MS F Ftab (0.01)
Treatments 12,5138 2 6,2569 22,6208 6,93
Errors 3,3195 12 0,2766
Total 15,8333 14
𝐶𝐼 ( 𝜇 1 − 𝜇2 ) =( 𝑌¯ 1 − 𝑌¯ 2 ) ±𝑡 𝛼
√ (
1 1
𝑀𝑆𝐸 +
)

√
𝑛𝑒 ;1 −
2
𝑛 1 𝑛2

¿ ( 8,875−8,16) ±𝑡12;0.995 ( )
1 1
( 0,2766) +
4 5
o Zero is included in the interval; we can therefore conclude that there no difference between the 1st
and 2nd treatment means.
 ANOVA

Source SS df MS F Ftab (0.05)

Treatments 2
Errors 3,3528
Total 20,7333 14

ANOVA

Source SS df MS F Ftab (0.05)

Treatments 17,3805 2 8,6903 31,1034 3.89

Errors 3,3528 12 0,2794
Total 20,7333 14