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Halogens

halogens

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Maria Camilleri
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4 views

Halogens

halogens

Uploaded by

Maria Camilleri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 7 – the halogens

The elements in group 7 of the periodic table, on the right,


are called the halogens.
F fluorine

Cl chlorine

Br bromine

I iodine

At astatine
Complete page 1 of worksheet

Use page 66 to help you.


Halogens – what do they look like?
Chlorine Bromine

Iodine
Halogen vapours
Bromine and iodine are not gaseous, but have low boiling
points. This means that they produce vapour at relatively
low temperature. They are volatile.

Bromine produces some When iodine is heated gently, it


red-brown vapour, seen changes directly from a solid to a
here above the liquid gas without first becoming a liquid.
bromine in the jar. This is called sublimation.
How does electron structure affect reactivity?
The reactivity of alkali metals decreases going down the
group. What is the reason for this?
 The atoms of each element get
F
larger going down the group.
 This means that the outer shell gets

decrease in reactivity
further away from the nucleus and
is shielded by more electron shells. Cl
 The further the outer shell is from
the positive attraction of the
nucleus, the harder it is to attract
another electron to complete the
outer shell.
 This is why the reactivity of the
halogens decreases going down
group 7.
How do halogen molecules exist?
All halogen atoms require one more electron to obtain a full
outer shell and become stable.

Each atom can achieve this by sharing one electron with


another atom to form a single covalent bond.

F + F  F F

This means that all halogens exist as diatomic molecules:


F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2.
Reactions of the group 7 elements

F fluorine

Cl chlorine

Br bromine

I iodine

At astatine
Displacement reactions: summary
The reactions between solutions of halogens and metal halides (salts) can
be summarised in a table:

salt (aq)
potassium potassium potassium
chloride bromide iodide
halogen

chlorine 2KCl + Br2 2KCl + I2

bromine no reaction 2KBr + I2

iodine no reaction no reaction


Displacement Equations
Potassium Bromide and Chlorine:
• 2KBr + Cl2  2KCl + Br2

Potassium Iodide and Chlorine:


• 2KI + Cl2  2KCl + I2

Potassium Iodide and Bromine:


• 2KI + Br2  2KBr + I2

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