Conducting An Effective

An introduction to the “Five

Step Process” of Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)
 Goals

• Given the information and exercises in

this workshop, you will be able to:
– Explain to others why JHA’s are important
– Recognize how the JHA can be a valuable
planning, production, profit and safety tool.
– Know the five-step process and complete a
JHA
 JSA Purpose
• Effective JHA’s help the employer
recognize and control hazards and
exposures in the workplace.

How might the

employee’s perception of
a “hazard” differ from
that of the employer or
supervisor?
 Activity
Why is a JHA more effective than walk-around
inspections in reducing accidents in the
workplace?
 JHA Step 1
• Step One - Watch the work
being done

What are some effective methods to

watch the work being done?
 JHA Step 1
• Step One - Watch the work being done
Why is it important to involve
the employee?
 JHA Step 2
• Step Two - Break the job down into
steps Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet
JHA Number: _______________ Page ____ of ____
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________
Step 1
Step 1._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 2
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 2._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________ Step 3
Step 3._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 4
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 4._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 5._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
 JHA Step 3
• Step Three - Describe the hazards in
each step of the task.
One of the primary purposes of the JHA is
to make the job safer.

The information gathered in this step will

be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or
reduce hazards associated with the job,
and improve the system weaknesses that
produced them.
 Identifying types of hazards
• Acceleration: When we speed up or slow
down too quickly
• Toxic: Toxic to skin and internal organs.
• Radiation: Non-ionizing - burns,
Ionizing - destroys tissue.
 Identifying types of hazards
• Ergonomics: Eight risk factors
– 1. High Frequency;
– 2. High Duration;
– 3. High Force;
– 4. Posture;
– 5. Point of Operation;
– 6. Mechanical Pressure;
– 7. Vibration;
– 8. Environmental Exposure.
 Identifying types of hazards
• Pressure: Increased pressure in hydraulic and
pneumatic systems.
• Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points and
edges, weight, rotating parts, stability, ejected
parts and materials, impact.
• Flammability/Fire: In order for combustion to
take place, the fuel and oxidizer must be present
in gaseous form.
 Identifying types of hazards
• Biological: Primarily airborne and blood borne
viruses.
• Violence In The Workplace: Any violent act that
occurs in the workplace and creates a hostile
work environment that affects employees’
physical or psychological well-being.
 Identifying types of hazards
• Explosives: Explosions result in large amounts
of gas, heat, noise, light and over-pressure.
• Electrical Contact: Inadequate insulation,
broken electrical lines or equipment, lightning
strike, static discharge etc.
• Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions can be
violent, can cause explosions, dispersion of
materials and emission of heat.
 Accident Types
• Struck-by:
– A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of
contact is provided by the object.
• Struck-against:
– A person forcefully strikes an object. The person
provides the force or energy.
• Contact-by:
– Contact by a substance or material that, by its very
nature, is harmful and causes injury.
 Accident Types
• Contact-with:
– A person comes in contact with a harmful substance
or material. The person initiates the contact.
• Caught-on:
– A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is
caught on an object that is either moving or
stationary. This may cause the person to lose his/her
balance and fall, be pulled into a machine, or suffer
some other harm.
• Caught-in:
– A person or part of him/her is trapped, or otherwise
caught in an opening or enclosure.
 Accident Types
• Caught-between:
– A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise
caught between a moving and a stationary
object, or between two moving objects.
• Fall-to-surface:
– A person slips or trips and falls to the surface
he/she is standing or walking on.
• Fall-to-below:
– A person slips or trips and falls to a level
below the one he/she was walking or standing
on.
 Accident Types
• Over-exertion:
– A person over-extends or strains himself/herself while
performing work.
• Bodily reaction:
– Caused solely from stress imposed by free movement
of the body or assumption of a strained or unnatural
body position. A leading source of injury.
• Over-exposure:
– Over a period of time, a person is exposed to harmful
energy (noise, heat), lack of energy (cold), or
substances (toxic chemicals/atmospheres).
 JHA Step 4
Step Four –
Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet
JHA Number: _______________ Page ____ of ____
Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________
Control Measures.
Step 1._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________ It is now time to
Step 2._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
identify the desired
control measures for
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 3._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s)
_____________________________________
Control Measure(s) Required
______________________________________
each hazard.
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 4._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________
_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 5._____________________________________________________________________________
Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required
 The Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering controls.
• Admin controls.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
 Engineering Controls
• Consist of substitution, isolation, ventilation, and
equipment modification.
• These controls focus on the source of the
hazard, unlike other types of controls that
generally focus on the employee exposed to the
hazard.
• The basic concept behind engineering controls
is that, to the extent feasible, the work
environment and the job itself should be
designed to eliminate hazards or reduce
exposure to hazards
 Admin Controls
• Management controls may result in a
reduction of exposure through such
methods as changing work habits,
improving sanitation and hygiene
practices, or making other changes in the
way the employee performs the job.
 Personal Protective Equipment
• When exposure to hazards cannot be
engineered completely out of normal
operations or maintenance work, and
when safe work practices and
administrative controls cannot provide
sufficient additional protection from
exposure, personal protective clothing
and/or equipment may be required.
 JHA Step 5
• Step Five - Safe Operating Procedure
Safe Operating Procedure
JHA Number: _______________

The “Safe Operating

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Procedure” is the last

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

page of the JHA. It is a

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

narrative or written
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

summary of the JHA

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

worksheets. Note that ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

there are three sections:

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Supervisor Signature: ________________________________________ Date: _________________

Employee Signature: _________________________________________ Date: _________________

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TRAINING SOLUTION
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