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Chapter 6 GreenComputing 2019

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Chapter 6 GreenComputing 2019

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SHIMELS
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Green

Computing
Green: The new
color in
Information
Technology
Green Computing
•
Definition
The study and practice of
– Designing,
– Manufacturing,
– Using, and
– Disposing of computers, servers, and
associated subsystems—such as monitors,
printers, storage devices, and networking and
communications systems — efficiently and
effectively with minimal or no impact on the
environment.
San Murugesan
History of Green Computing
•In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
launched Energy Star to promote energy-efficiency
in computers.

•The first success of green computing was the Sleep mode function

• Wipro became the first Indian company to launch


environment-friendly range of desktops and laptops,
compliant with RoHS

•More than 3 million data centers currently


active in the United States today.
Why Green Computing?
 In 2006, Greenpeace released a Research
study:
Researchers performed X-ray examinations
of hazardous materials inside five leading
brands of laptops. The findings says-
These are not only harmful to the environment, but
also potentially harmful to humans
[Source: Greenpeace Research Laboratories].
– Computer energy is often wasteful- Idle
CPU/Screen Saver….
– Printing is often wasteful -“paperless” society,
– Pollution – manufacturing, packaging & disposal
– Toxicity (Lead, Chromium, Cadmium & Mercury)- -
Radiations-Stephen Hawking

6
Approaches To Green Computing

Virtualization
Power Management
Algorithm Efficiency
Material
Recycling
Approaches-
1.Virtualization & Thin Client
2.Power Management - The Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open
industry standard, allows an operating system to
directly control the power saving aspects of its
underlying hardware.
3.Adjust the voltages supplied to the CPU, called
under-volting
4.Some CPUs automatically under-volt the processor
depending on the workload; this technology is called
"Speed-Step" on Intel processors, “
5.Algorithm Efficiency- Slow (e.g. linear) search
algorithm to a fast (e.g. hashed or indexed) 8
• Watching DVD by copying it to hard
drive should be preferred over
watching directly from CD-ROM.
Energy saved – 40%
Power Supply- Power supplies
(PSUs) are 70–75% efficient,
dissipating the remaining energy
as heat. 80 PLUS certifies
PSUs must be at least 80%
efficient;
Operating System Issues-
Vista- Central power mgt.
(Windows Vista: Start-
>Settings->Control Panel->
Power Options ["My Custom
Plan“-> "Change Plan Settings“-
> "Turn off the display" ->
Power Management
• CRT Monitor (17”) uses 80 watts.
• LCD Monitor (17”) uses 35 watts.
• LED Monitor (17”) uses 25 watts.

LEDs – Rare and Expensive


LCDs preferred for general users.
Energy Star Rated Computer – 80% energy
Efficient.
Without Energy Star Rated Computer – 70%
Efficient.
7. Dump yard- The Silicon Valley Toxics
Coalition estimates that 80% e-waste is shipped
to China Africa and Pakistan
8. Voice over IP (VoIP) T-play
Algorithm Efficiency
The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of
computer resources required for any given computing function.
Carbon Dioxide Released per search:
Google Search ≈ 0.20gm
Microsoft Live Search ≈ 0.32gm
Yahoo Search ≈ 0.26gm
AOL Search ≈ 0.37gm.
12
13
14
15
16
17
OR

18
Core Green Principle …..

Reduce  Reuse Recycle


Disposal of the computing
devices constitute 20-50 million
tons per year (about 5% of the
total waste of the planet)

e-waste
handling

Reuse

Refurbish AMU Where are we going to pull all of it?


Green Computing & Ethiopia
• Ghana and Nigeria-Peak Level E Waste
in Africa
• Year 2013-UNU, UNIDO Implementing
Ethiopian
E-Waste Management Project

20
CONT…
• Green Design Strategy?
• Green Manufacturing Strategy?
• Green Use Strategy?
• Green Disposal Strategy?
Core Principles of Green Computing

• REDUCE,
• REUSE, AND
• RECYCLE;
Approaches to GREEN
COMPUTING
•Algorithmic Efficiency
•Power Management
•Video Card
•Display
•Materials Recycling
•Telecommuting
Problems and causes with
computers on global warming
1. Leaving the computer when in not use..
(Screen savers, CPU, Fan consumes more power)
2. Printing is often wasteful
We are used to printout our works.
3. Pollution via electronics
Manufacturing techniques
Packaging
Disposals of computer parts or any-
electronic item part.
.
Problems and causes with
computers on global
warming(Cont…)
4. Toxicity (Lead, Chromium, Cadmium and Mercury)
There are many toxic materials used in computers. But two
materials are very toxic.
Problems:
• Cause damage to nervous system , blood system ,
kidneys, and also cause negative effects on child brain
development
• Also has toxic effects on plants, animals and
microorganisms .
• can cause chronic brain damage
Solutions
• Keep PCs turned off, when not in use.
 Disable screen saver.
 Don’t print until it is necessary.
 Use LCDs instead of CRTs as they are more
power efficient.
Use hardware/software with “energy star” label. It is
the “seal of approval” by Energy Star Organization of the
government.
Set low power “Sleep” mode.
-can still download and perform-
other routines.
Solutions(Cont…)
Stand By
-it is energy conserving because switches to a “low power
state.”
Hibernate
-It writes an image of what you are currently working on your
file/hard drive and then shuts your PC almost completely
off.
Use Email to reduce paper work
Add: “*Please Consider the environment: Do U
really need to print this mail?*”
(put entire message in Subject line.)
Research Reports for email
• A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated
that the average Google search released 7
grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
• However, Google disputes this figure,
arguing instead that a typical search
produces only 0.2 grams of CO₂.
•
0.3g CO2e: A spam email
4g CO2e: A proper email
50g CO2e: An email with long and
tiresome attachment
Evolution of ‘Green’ Concept
• Energy Star : In 1992, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency launched Energy Star,
• Its a voluntary labeling program that is designed to
promote and recognize energy-efficiency in
monitors, climate control equipment, and other
technologies.

• Swedish organization TCO Development:


Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO
Development launched the TCO Certification program
to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions
from CRT-based computer displays;
• This program was later expanded to include criteria
on 1)energy consumption, 2)ergonomics, and the
3)use of hazardous materials in construction.
Green Web Surfing
Greener Google Browsing: Blackle.com

Being Green with Yahoo!

Greener FireFox Surfing

Other Green Surfing Efforts


-
-
References
•Rajesh Chheda, Dan Shookowsky, Steve
Stefanovich, and Joe Toscano, “Profiling
Energy Usage for Efficient
Consumption”.
•Dan Rogers and Ulrich Homann,
“Application Patterns for Green IT”.
•Walter Binder and Niranjan Suri, “Green
Computing: Energy Consumption
Optimized Service Hosting”
•Robert R. Harmon, Nora Auseklis,
”Sustainable IT Services: Assessing the
Impact of Green Computing Practices”.
Practical Demo…..
• Greener Google Browsing: Blackle.com
• Mobile
• Cloud Share is green
• Being Green with Yahoo!
• Greener FireFox Surfing

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