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Unit 5, Water Management (All Sub Topics Covered)

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Unit 5, Water Management (All Sub Topics Covered)

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RANGE

 By the end of this unit, you will be able to learn:


 HARD WATER
 TYPES OF PUMPS
 METHODS OF WATER SUPPLY IN A
BUILDING
 PIPES & VALVES
 PLUMBING PROBLEMS
SOURCES OF WATER & HARD
WATER
 SOURCES OF WATER: Following are various
sources of water:

SURFACE WATER: i.e. rivers, ponds, lakes etc.


GROUND WATER : i.e. by water pumps, tube
wells, wells etc.
RECYCLED WATER:
WATER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
 WATER
 HARD WATER: It is of following types:
TEMPORARY HARDNESS.
PERMANENT HARDNESS
PROCESS OF REMOVAL OF
HARDNESS
 ALKALI METHOD
 LIME SODA METHOD
 SEQUESTERING AGENTS:
 PERMUTIT OR ION EXCHANGE
PROCESS:
EFFECTS OF HARD WATER
 Lime buildups within pipes and around plumbing
fixtures, inside boilers.
 Formation of soap curd.
 The shelf life of linen is reduced .
WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY:
 FROM MAINS:
 FROM WELLS: In case there is no supply from
mains, water may be pumped from a deep well.
For the pumping of water, following types of
water pumps are available:
A. JET PUMPS
B. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
C. RECIPROCATING PUMPS.
JET
PUMPS

 It is a type of impeller diffuser pump that is used


to draw water from wells into residence.
 The initial cost of the pump is low but operating
energy requirement is high.
 The water table should be 100 feet(30.5m) of the
ground surface.
 The diagram shows that of a jet pump.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

 It is a type of pump that consists of a spoke


wheel( impeller) within a casing (volute).
 TURBINE PUMPS
 SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS

 These pumps are based on a reciprocating


piston design.
 A motor driven CAM pulls the piston back & forth
in the piston head
CALCULATION OF WATER
REQUIREMENTS
 Water consumption per occupied room per night
(Gallon of water per occupied room).
 Water consumption per guest room per year
(Gallons of water per room per year).
 Water consumption per square foot per year
(Gallons of water per square foot).
 Water consumption per cover in food service
outlets & room service (Gallons of water per
cover).
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 There are two ways of water distribution system:
1. UPFEED SYSTEM
2. DOWNSPEED SYSTEM.
UPFEED SYSTEM
DOWN FEED SYSTEM
PIPING
 PIPING: This includes pipes, pipe fittings,
plumbing fixtures & valves.
 PIPES: This includes:
A. MAIN SERVICE PIPE:
B. DISTRIBUTION PIPE:
 FIXTURE BRANCH PIPES:
 Pipes are made of plastic, galvanized steel,
brass & copper.
 Grades of plastic pipes
PIPE FITTINGS
 VALVES: The main function of valves is to
regulate the flow of water. It is of following types:
 GATE VALVE
 ANGLE OR GLOBE VALVE
 CHECK VALVES
 NEEDLE VALVE
PLUMBING FIXTURES
 The number of plumbing fixtures depends on the
maximum number of people that may occupy a
room at any given point of time. The plumbing
fixtures are grouped into various categories.
Urinals & toilets may include one group.
 Other group of fixtures may include lavatories
(for washing face & hands); showers, sinks of all
types such as laundry trays & sinks, vegetable
preparation sinks, pot and pan washing sinks;
dishwashing equipments, swimming pools.
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
 These increase costs as well as they may be
annoying to the guests.
 A VISIBLE SEAT WASHER needs to be
changed.
 The valve also has a STEM WASHER or
packing. Whenever valve seat washer is
changed , the stem washer should also be
changed.
 Water leaks can happen at piping connections
hence there must be inspection points.
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
LEAKING FAUCETS & PIPING
PLUMBING VIBRATION NOISE
 Plumbing vibrations can create noise which can
be transmitted throughout the building.
 Hot water pipes can create a noise problem.
Due to high temperature of hot water, they
expand & rapid expansion can generate noise.
 Hence adequate piping insulation will solve this
problem.
PIPING EXPANSION PROBLEMS
 Expansions in pipes can cause pipes &
connection points to separate. While all new
installations use copper & plastic, these
materials have greatest co-efficients of
expansion.
 One solution is to install expansion devices such
as piping loops & expansion joints. These
devices do not prevent materials from
expanding, but they allow piping to expand at
controlled points & eliminate undesirable
expansion noises.
REVIEW
 Sources of water
 Hard water & removal of hardness.
 Water supply( Jet pump, centrifugal pumps,
reciprocating pumps)
 Water distribution systems( upfeed , downfeed &
combination systems)
 Leaking faucets
 Plumbing vibration noise
 Piping expansion problems
ASSIGNMENT
 What is hard water? Explain different processes
of removal of hardness from water.
 What is UPFEED & DOWNFEED distribution
system?
 Explain:
 A) Gate valve b) Angle valve c) Check valve d)
needle valve e) plumbing vibrations
 Write a short on leaking faucets and steps taken
to prevent leaking faucets.
REFERANCES
 PLUMBING NOISES
 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_stop_plumbing_noises

 LEAKING FAUCET
 http://www.wikihow.com/Fix-a-Leaky-Faucet

 JET PUMP
 http://www.animatedsoftware.com/pumpglos/jet_pump.htm

 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump

 RECIPROCATING PUMPS
http://www.ustudy.in/node/538

 HARD WATER
http://www.water-treatment.org.uk/hard_water.html
REFERENCES
 UPFEED & DOWNFEED SYSTEM:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/55566252/7/Up-Feed-Water-Distribution

 TYPES OF VALVES:
http://www.gharexpert.com/articles/Plumbing-Water-Supply-676/What-various-types-valves-
water-pipe-lines--0.aspx

 TEXT BOOK OF HOTEL MAINTENANCE BY


N.C. GOYAL & K.C. GOYAL
THANK YOU

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