• Detect and manage Pharmaceutical Health Hazards and Act Theory 50

Practical 10 40 100
• LEARNING MODULE 5  TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy level - III
 MODULE TITLE: Detecting and Managing Pharmaceutical Health
Hazards and Act  MODULE CODE: HLT PHS3 M05 01 22  NOMINAL
DURATION : 100 Hours  MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module
describes the knowledge, skill and attitude of pharmaceutical service
safety and risk assessment and management programs including
• Toxicology  Poisoning and  Compliance with occupational health
hazards of pharmacy
• LEARNING OUTCOMES  At the end of the module the learner will be
able to:  LO1. Manage Occupational and Health Safety(OHS) risk,
exposure and hazards in pharmaceutical service  LO2. Manage
pharmaceutical OHS information and records  LO3. Manage
pharmaceutical OHS participative processes  L04. Manage OHS
continuous improvement process
• MODULE CONTENTS:  LO1. Manage Occupational and Health
Safety(OHS) risk, exposure and hazards in Pharmaceutical service 
1.1 Defining Health, Safety and Welfare  1.2 Hazard, incidence, and
injury in pharmaceutical service  1.3 Classification of OHS in
pharmacy services  1.3.1 Physical  1.3.2 Chemical  1.3.3 Biological
 1.3.4 Ergonomic  1.3.5 Psychosocial  1.4 Hazard identification and
risk assessment  1.5 Risk and hazard control strategies  1.6
Disposing hazardous medicine and materials
• MODULE CONTENTS...  LO2. Manage pharmaceutical OHS
information and records  2.1 Pharmaceutical hazard recoding and
reporting formats  2.2 Types of OHS records and reports  2.2.1
Hazard, incident and investigation reports  2.2.2 Workplace
inspection reports  2.2.3 Incident investigation reports  2.2.4 First
aid records  2.2.5 Minutes of meetings  2.2.6 Job Safety Analyses
(JSAs) and risk assessments  2.2.7 Material safety data sheets
(MSDSs) and registers  2.2.8 Plant and equipment operation records 
2.2.9 Maintenance and testing reports  2.2.9.1 Training records 
2.2.9.2 Environmental monitoring records  2.2.9.3 Health surveillance
records  Collecting and storing Pharmacy related OHS information
• MODULE CONTENTS...  Lo3 Manage pharmaceutical OHS
participative processes  3.1. Safety measures in pharmaceutical
services  3.2. Evaluating pharmaceuticals OHS information  3.3.
Participatory approach of Implementing and monitoring OHS  LO 4
Manage OHS continuous improvement process  4.1 Techniques and
methods of OHS improvement  4.2 Setting OHS priorities  4.3
Develop OHS action plan  4.4 Monitor OHS achievements
• 8 LEARNING METHODS:  Lecture-discussion  Demonstration 
Group discussion  Exercise  Individual assignment
• MODULE CONTENTS...  ASSESSMENT METHODS:  Formative (50%) 
Summative (50%)  Practical assessment  Written exam/test 
Questioning or interview
• ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:  LO1 Manage Occupational and Health
Safety(OHS) risk, exposure and hazards in Pharmaceutical service  Hazard,
incidence, and injury in pharmaceutical service or work place are detected,
investigated and reported to meet legislative requirements and inform
future preventive strategies  Hazardous drugs and major health concerns
in health care facilities including disposal of hazardous medicines,
exposure, risk assessment methods are identified  Ensure processes are
put in place so that hazard identification and risk assessment procedures
are according to pharmaceutical procedures, legislative and regulatory
requirements  Ensure processes are put in place to identify and address
any OHS implications of either proposed or implemented changes to the
workplace, work processes or organization of work
• ASSESSMENT CRITERIA...  LO2 Manage pharmaceutical OHS information and
records  Relevant pharmaceutical hazard recoding and reporting formats,
legislations, standards, codes of practice, guiding material are identified and
accessed  Hazard, exposure, risk of pharmaceutical services are detected
and evaluated  Drug information, adverse drug and toxicological evidences
are utilized to evaluate the implementation of safety measures in pharmacy
work context  Pharmacy related OHS information are collected to provide
information on OHS requirements, trends and risk controls  Records and
record keeping processes are reviewed to ensure that legal requirements for
pharmaceutical OHS record keeping are identified and addressed  Processes
for ensuring pharmaceutical OHS records are accurately completed, collected
and stored in accordance with legal requirements and workplace procedures
• ASSESSMENT CRITERIA...  LO3 Manage pharmaceutical OHS participative
processes  Safety measures in pharmaceutical services and compliance with
legislative requirements and organization procedures are ensured  Information
related to pharmaceutical hazards provided to employees are evaluated to
ensure it is in a readily accessible and understandable format  Processes for
ensuring that workgroup members have an opportunity are implemented and
monitored either directly or through their representative, to contribute to
decisions that may affect their health and safety  Processes are evaluated to
address pharmaceutical OHS issues to ensure raised consultation are resolved
promptly and in line with organizational procedures and legislative
requirements  Information about the outcomes of consultation are promptly
provided in a format and medium that is readily accessible to employees
• LO4 Manage OHS continuous improvement process  Inputs from
individuals and workgroup are considered in identifying and
implementing pharmaceutical OHS improvement  Pharmacy related
OHS priorities determine in consultation with appropriate managers
and stakeholders  OHS action plans are developed by taking account
of priorities and training needs  Achievements are monitored against
the OHS plans and plans updated accordingly
• Unit One MANAGING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY ( OHS) RISK, EXPOSURE AND
HAZARDS IN PHARMACY SERVICE
• 16 1.1. Defining Health, Safety, Welfare &Hazard  What is health ?  According to
WHO, health is state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease.  Physical health  obtained through regular exercise ,
balance diet & adequate rest.  reduce the risk of an injury or health issue
• 17 1.1. Defining Health, Safety, Welfare & Hazard...  Mental health  refers to persons
emotion, social , psychological wellbeing  it is not only the absence of depression ,
anxiety disorde r  but it includes on ability to:  Enjoy life  Bounce back after difficult
experiences  Feel safe and secure  Achieve your potential
• 18 What is Welfare?  It is availability of resources & presence of conditions required
for reasonably, healthy and secure living .  It is the provision of a minimal level of
well-being and social support for citizens and other eligible residents.
• What is Welfare?...  In most developed countries, welfare is mainly
provided by  The government from tax revenue, and  To a lesser
extent by NGO charities  Informal social groups  Religious groups, and
 Inter-governmental organizations .
• 20 What is Safety ?  The condition of being protected from or unlikely
to cause danger, risk, or injury
• 21 What is Hazard ?  Hazard is simply a condition or a set of
circumstances that present a potential for harm .  Hazards are the
main cause of occupational health and safety problems.  Therefore,
finding ways of eliminating hazards or controlling the risks is the best
way to reduce workplace injury and illness .
• Types of hazards  1.Biological hazard:  It is due to viruses, bacteria,
parasites, fungi and molds.  It is also include insects, pests, rodents,
mammals and their toxins e.g. Flies, cockroaches, ticks and mites, rats
.  2. Chemical hazards:  This is due to exposure to hazardous
chemicals that may lead to damage to body systems.  e.g. Laboratory
chemicals, x-ray chemicals, acids, benzene, etc  3. Mechanical
hazards:  It is resulting from unshielded machinery, unsafe structures
in the workplace and dangerous tools .  It can be caused by exposure
to a heavy physical workload, poor working conditions, involving
heavy item lifting and moving, or repetitive manual tasks.
• Types of hazards...  4. Psychosocial Hazards: -  Psychological stress
is caused by time and work pressures.  Psychological stress and work
overload have been associated with  Sleep disturbances 
Depression  Cardiovascular disorders and  Hypertension .
• Types of hazards...  5. Physical hazards:  High pitch noise  Vibration
 Ionizing and  Non-ionizing radiation  Electric and electromagnetic
fields  Extreme cold and heat are some of physical hazards. 
Ultraviolet radiation and ionizing radiation are known carcinogens .
• Dealing with Hazards  There are 3 basic steps to follow when dealing
with hazards  Identify  Assess  Control IDENTIFY  The inspection
checklist should have identified any hazards in your work area.  If
you notice a hazard, report it !
• Dealing with Hazards... ASSESS  Complete a Hazard Report  1. Rank
the risk by probability - the likelihood of the hazard resulting in injury,
illness, damage or loss  2. Rank the risk by consequence - the
potential for injury, illness, damage or loss  3. Prioritize the risk for
control - indicate the ranking of importance when control measures
are to be implemented