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Environmental Impact of Built Environment: Lect. 2 Adama (ASTU) Mar 21, 2024 Henok Ayalew

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15 views

Environmental Impact of Built Environment: Lect. 2 Adama (ASTU) Mar 21, 2024 Henok Ayalew

Uploaded by

Meron Berihun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental

impact of built
environment
Lect. 2
Adama (ASTU) Mar 21, 2024
Henok Ayalew
Conten
t
The Impact of ;

• Construction on land, water and air,


• Construction on Energy consumption,
• Construction on Socio cultural
• Construction and demolition of Building operation in t
environment.
How do buildings affect the environment?
Impact on land
• Desertification (urban settlement)
• Habitat destruction
• Habitat fragmentation
• Land degradation
• Urban heat island
Socio cultural impact of
urbanization
• Densification
• Gap between rich and poor
• Illegal settlement
• Crime
• unemployment
• Society mental problem
• Health problems
• Lack of Infrastructure
NEW CONSTRUCTION

To accommodate the
largest wave of urban
growth in human
history, we expect to
add 2.4 trillion
ft2 (230 billion m2)
of new floor area to
the global building
stock, the equivalent
of adding an entire
New York City to the
world, every month, Global ABC, global status report 2017
Urban heat island
urban canyon effect
The effect of urban morphology on
airflow in the street.
Impact of urban heat
island
• Non native species growth
• Altering of local wind pattern
• Development of clouds and fog (smog)
• Varying rate humidity and precipitation
• Mortality rate increase
• Increased energy consumption
Mitigation measures
• Vegetation or city parks
• Reflective materials (light color, smooth finish)
• Water percolation material
• Green roof, green wall
• Minimize Anthropogenic heat
• Use of efficient equipment's
impact on water

• Alter water cycle


• Shrinking of water bodies
• ground water decline
• Pollution of water bodies
• Rising of sea level
Impact of air pollution

• Green house effect


• Ozone depletion
• Global warming and climate change
• Acidic rain
• Smog
• Health problem- skin cancer, respiratory
illness
The environmental impact of construction material production
OBTAINING AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Obtaining and processing materials can affect the


environment in three main ways :

1) EXTRACTION

2) PROCESSING

3) TRANSPORTATION
EXTRACTION
• This requires heavy plant which consumes energy and produces
noise, dust and exhaust fumes, which leads to climate change.

• This process also causes a permanent change to the landscape


e.g. stone/aggregate quarrying.

AGGREGATE
QUARRYING
PROCESSING
AIR POLLUTION LEADS TO THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
CLIMATE CHANGE

• Processing the material


e.g. iron ore requires
energy consuming plant
• produce noise, dust
and waste products e.g.
slag

BLAST FURNACE
TRANSPORTATION

Once processed, the


materials will then
need to be
transported to the
location which they
are to be used, using
petrol and creating
exhaust fumes, which
in turn causes climate
change
Cont.

There are 4 main materials used in construction


1. Timber
2. Metal
3. Concrete
4. Plastic
TIMBER
• Deforestation: more than 25% of the world’s tropical forests have
been cleared since 1960.
Loss of animal and plant species
METALS

METAL ORE QUARRYING


CONCRETE

• Made from limestone, chalk,


clay, aggregate and gypsum
• These raw materials must be
mined then processed, which
requires a huge amount of
energy
• It is estimated that 8% of the
total worldwide human
generated CO2 originates from
cement production
PLASTICS

• PVC products include windows, doors,


soffit, fascia, rainwater goods,
electrical and plumbing components
• Needs large amounts of energy to
produce
• creates hazardous waste products
e.g. dioxins
EMBODIED ENERGY: Is the energy required to produce and transport
materials.

MATERIAL ENERGY FOR


PRODUCTION (MJ/kg)
TIMBER 1
BRICK 4
CEMENT 5
PLASTIC 6
GLASS 14
STEEL 24
ALUMINIUM 126
excluding transportation energy
Carbon foot print

The total amount of


greenhouse gases
(including carbon dioxide
and methane) that are
generated by our actions.
THE BUILDING SECTOR

• Buildings account for

around 35% of

resources, 40% of

energy use, consume

12% of the world’s

drinkable water and

produce almost 39% of


Global ABC, global status report 2018, EIA
EXISTING BUILDINGS

IEA Energy Technology Perspective 2020, February 2021 revised edition


EMBODIED CARBON

UN Environment Status Report 2017; EIA International Energy outlook 20


• Environmental impact of generate
Construction & Demolition construction process
between 10% and 40%
of the solid waste stream in most countries (Kibert et al,
2000).
This waste used for low-priority works like footpaths, drains,
pavements etc.
Most bonding & drying agents in carpets, veneers, particle
board, plywood and paint emit volatile organic compounds
(VOC’s) which contribute to greenhouse gases and global
warming.
 Today cities consume 3/4 of the world energy and cause at
least 3/4 of the world pollution.
 Cities are the location of production and consumption of the
highest amount of Industrial Products.
 They have been changed to parasites on the Earth. Giant
creatures which are swallowing the world for the sake of
preparing their own materials and energy, they are the same
as cruel consumers and deadly relentless contaminants
(Rogers.2013,45).
Building operation

• Another way that buildings release greenhouse gases is simply the


way they are operated.

• Through the use of electricity and fossil fuels such as oil and gas,
buildings negatively impact the climate with their carbon emissions.

• We typically think of lights, ovens, and refrigerators causing the


most damage. However, heating and cooling units use the most
energy!
Ecological foot print

The Ecological Footprint measures how


fast we consume resources and
generate waste compared to how fast
nature can absorb our waste and
generate resources.

Humanity is using nature 1.8 times


faster than our planet’s biocapacity can
regenerate. That’s equivalent to using
the resources of 1.8 Earths.
Zero EMBODIED CARBON

Achieving zero embodied emissions will require adopting the


principles of:
 Reuse, including renovating existing buildings, using
recycled materials, and designing for deconstruction.
 Reduce, including material optimization and the
specification of low to zero carbon materials.
 Sequester, including the design of carbon sequestering
sites and the use of carbon sequestering materials.
The Three R's of Recycling

Reduction of destruction, consumption reduction, demand


reduction, reuse and recycle are the keywords of the
sustainable development and sustainable architecture too.
The Three R's of Recycling
How Sustainable Development Goals can be
met through responsible construction and
architecture.
• Designing proper settlement
• Minimizing consumption (energy, material, water)
• GlobalABC Roadmap
for Buildings and
Construction 2020-
2050
Quick Design project

• Design proper settlement (neighborhood) using Sustainable


Development Goals.
- Area 2000m* Minumum ,
- Minimizing consumption (energy, material, water)
- Location Adama
- Group of 4 student
- Hard copy Presentation Maximum 2, A2 paper
- next Week 27,03,2024
Topics to prepare seminar presentation on Environmental impact of
built environment.
• Environmental impact assessment of the built environment
• Green building practices and sustainable design
• Urban heat island effect and its implications
• Future trends and innovations in green construction
• Opportunities and challenges in promoting environmental sustainability in the
built environment
• Case studies of sustainable infrastructure projects
• Retrofitting existing buildings for sustainability

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