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Lecture 5 # Effective Data Denoising Techniques

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6 views

Lecture 5 # Effective Data Denoising Techniques

Uploaded by

nadeemkhan74296
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Effective Data

De-noising Techniques
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction
• Purpose: "Today, we explore essential data denoising
techniques that improve the quality of our analyses by
removing noise and detecting outliers.
• "Agenda: "We'll cover Binning, Regression for Smoothing, and
Clustering to Detect Outliers, with practical examples and
results."
Understanding Data Noise
• Definition: "Data noise refers to irrelevant or random
information in data that obscures underlying patterns.“
• Impact: "Noise can lead to inaccurate analyses, misleading
results, and inefficient models."
Overview of Data De-noising
Techniques
• Binning: "Groups data to reduce minor fluctuations.“
• Regression Smoothing: "Uses statistical models to smooth
data series.“
• Clustering for Outliers: "Identifies anomalies by grouping
similar data."
What is Binning?
• Content: "Binning, or quantization, involves dividing data into
intervals, enhancing the underlying distribution by averaging
out noisy fluctuations.“
• Types: "Equal-width binning divides the range into N intervals
of equal size. Equal-frequency binning divides data into N
groups with an equal number of points."
Examples of the Binning
• Dataset: "Age Distribution of Survey Respondents“
• Procedure: "Applied equal-width binning to age data.“
• Before and After: "Histograms show original data vs. binned
data, illustrating smoother distribution."
Benefits and Limitations of Binning
• Benefits: "Reduces the impact of minor observation errors,
simplifies the model without significant data loss.“
• Limitations: "Can oversimplify data, losing important details."
Equal-width Binning
• Description: This method divides the range of values into
intervals of equal size. The width of each interval is
determined by

• Use Case: Good for uniform distributions but can be


problematic for skewed distributions as it may place too many
unique outliers in a single bin or spread out the most frequent
values into different bins.
Equal-frequency (Equal-depth)
Binning
• Description: This method divides the values such that each bin
has approximately the same number of observations but does
not guarantee equal width. It is also known as quantile binning
since it distributes the values into bins that correspond to
quantiles.
• Use Case: Useful for handling outliers and skewed data as it
ensures that each bin has the same number of points
regardless of the interval.
K – Mean Binning
• Description: This method applies the K-means clustering
algorithm to determine the bin ranges by treating the binning
process as a clustering problem. The centers of the resulting
clusters form the bins.
• Use Case: Effective when the data contains several distinct
clusters. This method can adaptively change the widths of bins
according to the clustering of data points.
What is Regression for Smoothing?
• Content: "Regression smoothing involves fitting a regression
model to predict and smooth out fluctuations in the dataset.“
• Types: "Linear regression for linear trends, polynomial
regression for non-linear trends."
Regression Smoothing Example
• Dataset: "Daily Stock Prices Over One Year“
• Procedure: "Applied polynomial regression to smooth data.“
• Visualization: "Plot of original stock prices and the smoothed
trend."
Benefits and Limitations of
Regression Smoothing
• Benefits: "Provides a clear trend, useful for predictions and
trend analyses.“
• Limitations: "May introduce bias if the chosen model does not
fit the data well."
What is Clustering?
• Content: "Clustering groups data into clusters based on
similarity, which helps in identifying points that do not belong
to any cluster (outliers).“
• Common Methods: "K-means for partitioning, DBSCAN for
density-based clustering."
Clustering Example
• Dataset: "Customer Spending Data“
• Procedure: "Used K-means clustering to detect spending
patterns and identify outliers.“
• Visualization: "Scatter plot showing clusters and outliers
marked distinctly."
Benefits and Limitations of Clustering
• Benefits: "Effective in identifying groups and outliers,
enhances data understanding.“
• Limitations: "Sensitive to the choice of parameters and initial
conditions."
Choosing the Right Technique
• Guidelines: "Consider data characteristics and specific needs.
Use binning for large skewed datasets, regression smoothing
for data with clear trends, and clustering for anomaly
detection."
Conclusion
• Summary: "We explored three powerful techniques to de-
noise data, each useful in different scenarios.“
• Call to Action: "Implement these methods in your data
preprocessing steps to achieve cleaner, more accurate data
analysis."

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