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12 views8 pages

Updated Timetablenjvjnnsnjszmznsnbz SNJSJSJHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

HKGLPPFKKLFMVLLELP-R500W0FKSKDKFGKKGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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Ahmed Aied
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Electrolysis in

IGCSE Chemistry
Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses electricity to drive
non-spontaneous chemical reactions. It involves the
decomposition of a substance into its constituent elements or
ions through the passage of an electric current.

AE
by AHMED EID
Introduction to Electrolysis
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to decompose a compound. Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity
when dissolved in water or in molten form. Electrolytes contain ions that can carry the electric current.

1 Electrolytic Cell 2 Electrodes 3 Current Flow


An electrolytic cell consists of The anode is the positive The flow of electric current drives
two electrodes (anode and electrode where oxidation occurs the movement of ions in the
cathode) immersed in an (loss of electrons), while the electrolyte, leading to chemical
electrolyte. cathode is the negative electrode reactions at the electrodes.
where reduction occurs (gain of
electrons).
Factors Affecting Electrolysis
Several factors affect the efficiency and outcome of electrolysis.

Current Strength Electrolyte Concentration Electrode Material

Higher current strength results in Increasing the concentration of The type of electrode material
a faster rate of electrolysis, but it the electrolyte generally can influence the products of
can also lead to overheating and enhances conductivity and electrolysis, as certain metals
unwanted side reactions. accelerates the rate of can be more reactive than
electrolysis. others.
Electrolysis of Molten Salts
When molten salts are electrolyzed, the ions are free to move and carry the electric current.

Electrolysis of Molten NaCl At the Anode


At the cathode, sodium ions (Na+) gain electrons and At the anode, chloride ions (Cl-) lose electrons and are
are reduced to sodium metal (Na). oxidized to chlorine gas (Cl2).
Electrolysis of Aqueous
Solutions
In aqueous solutions, the electrolysis process becomes more
complex because water molecules can also participate in the
reactions.

Electrode Reaction Product

Cathode Reduction of Metal or


metal ions or hydrogen gas
water

Anode Oxidation of Non-metal or


non-metal ions oxygen gas
or water
Electroplating and
Electrorefining
Electrolysis has numerous practical applications in industry.

Electroplating Electrorefining
This involves depositing a This process is used to
thin layer of a metal onto purify metals by
another object to enhance selectively dissolving and
its appearance, durability, redepositing the pure
or resistance to corrosion. metal, removing
impurities.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Electrolysis
Electrolysis offers both benefits and drawbacks.

Advantages Disadvantages
Production of valuable High energy consumption,
chemicals, purification of potential environmental
metals, and electroplating of hazards from waste products,
metals. and the requirement for
specialized equipment.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Electrolysis is a fundamental process in chemistry.

1 Electrolytic Cells
Consist of electrodes, an electrolyte, and an external power source.

2 Electrode Reactions
Oxidation and reduction reactions occur at the anode and cathode,
respectively.

3 Factors Influencing Electrolysis


Current strength, electrolyte concentration, and electrode material.

4 Applications
Electroplating, electrorefining, and production of chemicals.

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