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Mathematical Language Updated

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8 views

Mathematical Language Updated

Uploaded by

Carla Solis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICAL Lesson 1: The

LANGUAGE Nature of
AND Mathematics as
SYMBOLS a Language
Lesson 2:
Mathematical
Expression and
Sentences

Prepared by:
1

HELEN R. SIEMBRE, MAME


Mathematical Language
2 & Symbols

Language of Mathematics
Like any language, mathematics has its
own symbols, syntax and rules.

 to understand the expressed ideas

 to communicate ideas to others


Mathematical Language
3 & Symbols

Characteristics
 Precise
- be able to make very fine distinctions
 Concise
- uses symbols briefly
 Powerful
- be able to express complex thoughts with
relative ease
Mathematical Language
4 & Symbols

Expression versus Sentences


MATHEMATIC
S

Expression Sentence
(name given to (must state a
mathematical object complete thought)
of interest

A mathematical sentence is the analogue


of an English sentence; it is a correct
assignment of mathematical symbols that
states a complete thought.
Mathematical Language
5 & Symbols

Ideas Regarding
Expressions

Mathematical Language
6 & Symbols

What does SIMPLER


mean?
Fewer symbols
Fewer operations
Preferred/ style/format
Mathematical Language
7 & Symbols

Truth of a Sentence

The notion of truth (the


property of being true or false) is
of fundamental importance in the
mathematical language.
Mathematical Language
8 & Symbols

Ideas regarding Mathematical


sentence
 Mathematical Sentences have verbs and
connectives
 The mathematical sentence 3+4= 7. The
equal sign is actually the verb and indeed
one of the most popular mathematical
verbs.
 The symbol “+” in 3 + 4 = 7 is a
connective which is used to connect
objects of a given type
 Truth of Sentences
9

How to decide whether


something is a Sentence?
 Read it aloud, and ask yourself the
question: Does it state a complete
thought? If YES, then it is a sentence.
 You may also ask yourself the question:
Does it make sense to ask about the
truth of it?
Mathematical Language
10 & Symbols

The Grammar of Mathematics

It is the structural rules governing the


use of symbols representing
mathematical objects
Express the following using
mathematical symbols
a. 5 is the square root of 25
b. 5 is less than 10
c. 5 is a prime number
Mathematical Language
11 & Symbols

Some difficulties in math


language
 The word "is" could mean equality,
inequality or membership in a set
 Different uses of a number; to express
quantity (cardinal), to indicate the order
(ordinal), and as a label (nominal)
 Mathematical objects may be represented
in many ways, such as sets and functions
 The words "and' & "or" means different
from its English use
Mathematical Language
12 & Symbols

Objects that we use in


Math
 Numbers
 Operations
 Variables

FOUR BASIC CONCEPTS:


 Sets (properties, relationships, operations)
 Relations
 Functions
 Logic
Mathematical Language
13 & Symbols

Numbers

Numbers -represent a quantity


or
amount.
Classification of Numbers
Mathematical Language
The four fundamental & Symbols
14

operations

Can you think of any more terms that


you can add to the mind map?
Mathematical Language
15 & Symbols

Variable
A variable is any letter used
to stand for a mathematical
object.
16

The Four
Basic Concepts
in Math
Mathematical Language
17 & Symbols

1. Sets
Definition of a Set
Methods of naming a set
Properties
Relationships between two sets
Operation on Sets
Venn Diagram
Mathematical Language
18 & Symbols

2. Relations
A relation is a correspondence between
two things or quantities. It is a set of
ordered pairs such that the set of all first
coordinates of the ordered pairs is called
Domain and the set of all the second
coordinates of the ordered pairs is called
Range.
 A relation maybe expressed a statement,
arrow diagram, table, equation, set-builder
notation and graph.
 Example: R= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8),
(5, 10)}
Mathematical Language
19
& Symbols

Types of Relations
1. one - to – one relation
2. one – to – many relation
3. many – to – one relation
Mathematical Language
20 & Symbols

Relations in Language of
Math
Grammatical rules for the use of symbols
 To use < in a sentence, one should
precede it by a noun and follow it by a
noun.
 Other examples of relations are
“equals” and “ is an element of”
 It is important when specifying a
relation to be careful about which
objects are to be related.
Mathematical Language
21 & Symbols

3. Functions
A function is a relation such that each
element of the domain is paired with exactly one
element of the range. To denote this
relationship, we use the functional notation:
y = f(x)
where f indicates that a function exists between
variables x and y.
Mathematical Language
22 & Symbols


Mathematical Language
23 & Symbols

Evaluating Functions
The functional notation y = f(x) allows us to
denote specific values of a function. To
evaluate a function is to substitute the
specified values of the independent variable
in the formula and simplify.
Example:
When f(x) = 2x – 3, find f(2)
Solution:
f(2) = 2(2) – 3 = 4 – 3
f(2) = 1
Mathematical Language
24 & Symbols

Inverse of a Function
The inverse of a function is another
function that undoes it, and that it undoes.
For example, the function that takes a
number n to n – 5 is the inverse of the
function that takes n to n + 5.

What is the inverse of y = 2x?


Mathematical Language
25 & Symbols

4. Binary Operations
A binary operation on a set A is a
function that takes pairs of elements of A and
produces elements of A from them.
We use the symbol * to denote arbitrary
binary operation on a set A.
Four Properties:
1. Commutative x* y = y *x
2. Associative x* (y*z) = (x*y)* z
3. Identity e*x = x *e
4. Inverse x*y = y*x = e
26

Possible activity:
Video Watching
 Math isn't hard_ it's a language _ Randy
Palisoc _ TEDxManhattanBeach.mp4
27

More Examples:
1. The ratio of a
number x and four
added to two
28

More Examples:

Answer=(x/4) + 2
29

2. The ratio of the


square root of seven
and the number y
30

Answer: √7/y
31

3. The square of a
added to twice the a
divided by two
32


33

4. The sum of b and


two less than b all
over the number b
5. The product of p
and q divided by five
34


35

5. The product of
p and q divided by
five
36


37

6. One third of the


square of c
38


39

7. Ten times a
number y
increased by six
divided by a
number y
40


41

8. The cube of the


number z
decreased by nine
42

Answer: z - 93
43

9. The cube root of


nine less than a
number w
44

Answer: √9 - w
3
45

10. A number h
raised to the fourth
power
46

Answer: h 4

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