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CG Lecture 3

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14 views

CG Lecture 3

Uploaded by

hafsashoaib573
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Level BS(IT)

Course Name
HCI & Computer Graphics
Course Code

Credit Hour
3(2-1)
Topic
Introduction of Graphics Systems
Department of Information Technology ,Government College Women University Faisalabad
Introduction of Graphics Systems
• With the massive development in the field of computer
graphics a broad range of graphics hardware and
software systems is available. Graphics capabilities for
both two-dimensional and three-dimensional
applications are now common on general-purpose
computers, including many hand-held calculators.
• On personal computers there is usage of a variety of
interactive input devices and graphics software packages;
whereas, for higher-quality applications some special
purpose graphics hardware systems and technologies are
employed.
VIDEO DISPLAY DEVICES

• The primary output device in a graphics


system is a video monitor. The operation of
most video monitors is based on the standard
cathode-ray-tube (CRT) design, but several
other technologies exist and solid-state
monitors may eventually predominate.
Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes

• A beam of electrons (cathode rays), emitted


by an electron gun, passes through focusing
and deflection systems that direct the beam
toward specified positions on the phosphor-
coated screen.
• The phosphor then emits a small spot of light
at each position contacted by the electron
beam.
• The light emitted by the phosphor fades very
rapidly therefore to keep the picture it is
necessary to keep the phosphor glowing.
• This is achieved through redrawing the picture
repeatedly by quickly directing the electron
beam back over the same points and the
display using this technique is called refresh
CRT.
RASTER-SCAN SYSTEMS

• Raster scan is the most common type of


monitors using CRT. In raster scan picture is
stored in the area called refresh buffer or
frame buffer. First of all why information is
stored; because picture have to be refreshed
again and again for this very reason it is stored.
Second is how it is stored; so picture is stored in
a two dimensional matrix where each element
corresponds to each pixel on the screen.
• If there arise a question what is a pixel? The
very simple answer is a pixel (short for picture
element) represents the shortest possible
unique position/ element that can be
displayed on the monitor without overlapping.
• The frame buffer stores information in a two
dimensional matrix; the question is that how
many bits are required for each pixel or
element. If there is black and white picture
then there is only one bit required to store ‘0’
for black or 1 for white and in this case buffer
will be referred as bitmap.
• In color pictures obviously multiple bits are
required for each pixel position depending on
the possible number of colors for example to
show 256 colors 8 bits will be required for
each pixel and in case if multiple bits are used
for one pixel frame buffer will be referred as
bitmap.
• There are two further methods to scan the
image:
• interlaced
• noninterlaced.
interlaced

• In interlaced display beam completes scanning


in two passes. In one pass only odd lines are
drawn and in the second pass even lines are
drawn.
• Interlacing provides effect of double refresh
rate by completing half of the lines in half of
the time. Therefore, in systems with low
refresh rates interlacing helps avoid flickering.
Non-interlaced
• A non-interlaced display is a cathode-ray tube
( CRT ) display in which the lines are scanned
sequentially from the top to the bottom of the
screen. In a CRT display, there are several
hundred horizontal lines in a frame (full
screen).

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