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The 9 Parts of Speech

Definitions Functions and
Examples in English
Sentences

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 Contents
1. Section Number + Section Title 2. Definition of Parts of Speech 3. Importance of Understanding Parts of
Speech

4. Noun 5. Section Number + Section Title 6. Pronoun

7. Section Number + Section Title 8. Definition of Verb 9. Functions of Verb in English

Sentences

10. Adjective 11. Section Number + Section Title 12. Definition of Adverb

13. Functions of Adverb in English 14. Section Number + Section Title 15. Definition of Preposition
Sentences

16. Functions of Preposition in English 17. Section Number + Section Title 18. Definition of Conjunction
Sentences

19. Functions of Conjunction in English 20. Section Number + Section Title

Sentences
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Definition of Parts
of Speech
Noun

A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.

Nouns can be classified as common or proper nouns.

Pronoun

A pronoun is a word Pronouns can refer to

that is used in place of people, places, things,
a noun. or ideas.
Verb

A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or

state of being.

01

Verbs indicate what someone or something is doing or

experiencing.

02
Adjective

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a Adjectives provide additional information about the
noun or pronoun. noun or pronoun.
Adverb

An adverb is a word that describes or Adverbs provide information about how,

modifies a verb, adjective, or other when, where, why, or to what extent.
adverb.
Preposition

A preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a noun or

pronoun and another word in a sentence.

Prepositions often indicate location, time, or direction.

Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or

clauses.

Conjunctions are used to join ideas or express relationships

between words or groups of words.
Interjection

01 02
An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses Interjections are used to convey feelings or
strong emotions or sudden exclamations. reactions.
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Importance of
Understanding Parts
of Speech
Enhancing Communication Skills

Understanding parts of speech helps individuals to use correct

grammar and sentence structure in their communication.

It allows for clear and effective communication, reducing

misunderstandings.
Improving Sentence Structure

Knowledge of parts of speech helps individuals construct

sentences with correct subject- verb agreements and
appropriate word order.

It enhances the overall clarity and coherence of sentences.

Facilitating Language Learning and Teaching

01 02
Parts of speech serve as the foundation of Understanding parts of speech enables
language learning and teaching, helping educators to effectively teach grammar and
learners grasp the basic structure of a language concepts to students.
language.
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Noun
Definition of Noun

Common Noun Proper Noun Abstract Noun

A common noun is a general name for A proper noun is the name of a specific An abstract noun refers to a concept, quality,
a person, place, thing, or idea. person, place, thing, or brand. or state that cannot be perceived through the
senses.
It is not capitalized unless it begins a It is always capitalized.
It represents something that exists but cannot
sentence. ExamplesJohn, Paris, Coca- Cola, be touched.
Examplesdog, city, book, happiness Mount Everest Exampleslove, freedom, happiness,
knowledge

Concrete Noun Countable Noun Uncountable Noun

A concrete noun refers to something that can A countable noun refers to a noun that can be An uncountable noun refers to a noun that
be perceived through the senses. counted and have a plural form. cannot be counted and does not have a plural
It represents something that can be seen, It can be used in both singular and plural form.
heard, smelled, tasted, or touched. forms. It usually represents something that is
Exampleschair, music, flower, coffee Examplesbook/books, student/students, typically seen as a whole or abstract.
cat/cats Exampleswater, information, money,
happiness
Functions of Noun in English Sentences
Subject Possessive Noun
01 The subject of a sentence is the noun that performs the action
or is being described.
04 Possessive nouns show ownership or possession of something.
They are formed by adding an apostrophe and an "s" to the
It answers the question "who" or "what" is doing the action.
noun.
ExampleBob is eating an apple. (Bob is the subject)
ExampleJohn's car (the car belongs to John)

Object Appositive
02 The object of a sentence is the noun that receives the action of
the verb.
05 An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or
identifies another noun in the sentence.
It answers the question "whom" or "what" the action is done to. It provides additional information about the noun it renames.
ExampleShe gave him a gift. (the gift is the object) ExampleMy brother, a doctor, lives in New York. (the noun
phrase "a doctor" renames "my brother")

Adjective Modifier
03 Nouns can be modified by adjectives to provide additional
information about them.
Adjectives describe the characteristics or qualities of the noun.
ExampleShe has a beautiful house. (beautiful describes the
noun "house")
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Pronoun
Definition of Pronoun

Personal Pronoun Interrogative Pronoun

01 A personal pronoun is used to replace a specific noun or group of nouns.
Exampleshe, she, it, they
05 An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question.
Exampleswho, whom, whose, which, what
Personal pronouns can also indicate possession. Examples: mine, yours
Personal pronouns can be subject pronouns or object pronouns. Examples: he Interrogative pronouns can refer to people or things.
(subject pronoun), him (object pronoun)
Examples: who (people), what (things)

Demonstrative Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun

02 A demonstrative pronoun is used to point to a specific thing or
person in a sentence. Examplesthis, that, these, those
06 A reflexive pronoun is used when the subject and object of a
sentence are the same. Examplesmyself, yourself, himself
Demonstrative pronouns can indicate proximity or distance. Reflexive pronouns are used for emphasis or to indicate that
Examples: this (close proximity), that (distant proximity) someone does something themselves. Example: She did the work
herself.

Indefinite Pronoun Intensive Pronoun

03 An indefinite pronoun refers to a non- specific person or thing.
Examplesanyone, anything, someone, something
07 An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize a noun or pronoun in
a sentence. Examplesmyself, yourself, himself
Indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural. Examples: anyone Intensive pronouns are not necessary for the meaning of a
(singular), some (plural) sentence, but they add emphasis. Example: I myself saw the
movie.

Relative Pronoun
04 A relative pronoun is used to join a dependent clause to a main
clause. Exampleswho, whom, whose, which, that
Relative pronouns can refer to people or things. Examples: who
(people), which (things)
Functions of Pronoun in English Sentences

Substitute for Nouns Agreement with Antecedents Indicate Relationships in Sentences

One function of pronouns is to Pronouns must agree with their Pronouns can indicate relationships
substitute for nouns in a sentence. antecedents in terms of number and between different elements in a
This helps to avoid repetitive language gender. This means that singular pronouns sentence. For example, pronouns can
should refer to singular antecedents, and
and make writing more concise. show possession or ownership.
plural pronouns should refer to plural
ExampleInstead of saying "John went antecedents. Example"The girls finished Example"This book is mine" (the
to the park," we can say "He went to their homework" (plural antecedent, plural pronoun "mine" shows possession)
the park." pronoun)
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Definition of Verb
Action Verb

An action verb is a type of verb that Example"run," "jump," "eat."

expresses an action or something that a
subject does.
Linking Verb

01 02

A linking verb is a type of verb Example"be," "seem," "appear."

that connects the subject of a
sentence to a noun or adjective
that describes or identifies it.
Helping Verb

A helping verb (also called an auxiliary Example"have," "will," "can."

verb) is a verb that accompanies the
main verb in a sentence, helping to
express tense, mood, voice, or aspect.
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Functions of Verb in
English Sentences
Expressing Actions

01 Verbs can be used to express actions that a subject performs.

Example"She sings beautifully."

02
Describing States of Being

Example"He is happy."
Verbs can be used to
describe a state or
condition of the subject.
Indicating Time

01 Verbs can indicate the time when an action takes place.

02 Example"They will arrive tomorrow."

Showing Relationships

Verbs can show relationships

between two or more nouns or noun
phrases.

Example"She is a doctor."
Forming Verb Phrases

Verbs can form verb phrases by combining with Example"They have been studying for hours."
helping verbs.
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Adjective
Definition of Adjective

Demonstrative
Descriptive Adjective Adjective
Descriptive adjectives provide more Demonstrative adjectives are used
information about a noun, helping to to point out or identify nouns. They
describe its qualities, characteristics, or
attributes.
indicate whether the noun is near or
Examplestall, happy, beautiful, delicious far in relation to the speaker.
Examplesthis, that, these, those

Comparative and
Possessive Adjective Interrogative Adjective Superlative Adjective
Possessive adjectives show ownership or Interrogative adjectives are used Comparative adjectives are used to
possession. They are used to indicate that compare two or more nouns, indicating a
something belongs to someone. to ask questions about the noun higher or lower degree of a quality.
Examplesmy, your, his, her, its, our, their being referred to. Superlative adjectives are used to compare
Exampleswhich, what, whose three or more nouns, indicating the highest
or lowest degree of a quality.
Examplestall, taller, tallest; happy, happier,
happiest
Functions of Adjective in English Sentences

Describing Nouns Modifying Pronouns Quantifying Nouns

Adjectives are commonly used to Adjectives can also modify Adjectives are used to quantify or
provide additional information about pronouns, providing more indicate the quantity or number of
nouns, describing their qualities,
information about them. nouns.
characteristics, or attributes.
ExampleThe beautiful sunset painted ExampleI am very happy with the ExampleThere are several books
the sky with hues of orange and pink. new phone that I bought. on the shelf.
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Definition of Adverb
Manner Adverb

01 02 03
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Describes how an action is Answers the question Examplesquickly, slowly,

performed "how?" well
Time Adverb

01 01 01
Describes when an action Answers the question Examplesyesterday, now,
occurs "when?" soon
Place Adverb

01 02 03
Describes where an action occurs Answers the question "where?" Exampleshere, there, everywhere
Degree Adverb

Describes the intensity or degree of an action, adjective, or another adverb

Answers the question "to what extent?"

Examplesvery, quite, extremely

Frequency Adverb

01 02 03
Describes how often an action Answers the question "how often?" Examplesalways, never,
occurs occasionally
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Functions of Adverb
in English
Sentences
Modifying Verbs

ExamplesHe ran quickly. She sings

beautifully.

Adverbs can modify verbs to provide

additional information about the
action

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Modifying Adjectives

01.
Adverbs can modify adjectives to provide more
precise descriptions

02.
ExamplesHe is extremely tall. She seems very happy.
Modifying Other Adverbs

Adverbs can modify other adverbs to indicate the degree or

intensity

ExamplesHe speaks quite clearly. She walks incredibly slowly.

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Definition of
Preposition
Simple Preposition

01 02 03

Simple prepositions are single They indicate a specific Examples"The book is on the
word prepositions such as "in," relationship between two table." "She lives in London."
"on," and "under." elements in a sentence.
Compound Preposition

01 02 03
Compound prepositions are They are used to express more Examples"in front of," "on top
made up of two or more words complex relationships between of," "out of."
that function as a single elements in a sentence.
preposition.
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Functions of
Preposition in
English Sentences
Showing Relationships

0 02 03
1
Prepositions are used to show
the relationship between two
or more elements in a
sentence.
They indicate how one
element relates to another in
terms of location, time, or
direction.
Examples"He sat beside me."
"The cat is under the table."
Indicating Location

They provide
information about
where something is or
Prepositions are Examples"The store is
where it is taking place.
commonly used to near the park." "They
indicate the location of went to the beach."
a person, object, or
action.
Expressing Time

Prepositions are used to express time in relation to another element in a sentence.

They indicate when something happened, is happening, or will happen.

Examples"I will see you in the morning." "She arrived after lunch."
Demonstrate Movement

Prepositions can also be They indicate the direction Examples"He walked across
used to show movement or path of movement. the street." "She jumped
from one place to another. over the fence."
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Definition of
Conjunction
Coordinating Conjunction

01
Coordinating conjunctions join two or more
words, phrases, or clauses of equal
importance in a sentence. Examples
includeand, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.
Subordinating Conjunction

Subordinating conjunctions connect two clauses,

where one acts as the main clause and the other as
a subordinate clause. Examples includeafter,
although, because, before, if, since, until, when.

”
Correlative Conjunction

01

Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to connect and relate elements

in a sentence. Examples includeeither...or, neither...nor, not only...but
also, both...and.
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Functions of
Conjunction in
English Sentences
Connecting Words, Phrases or Clauses

01.
Conjunctions are used to join words, phrases, or clauses together to form a coherent sentence.
They create relationships between different ideas or statements.

02. They can connect nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or entire

sentences.

03.
Conjunctions can also be used to create compound sentences, where two independent clauses
are joined together.
 Showing Relationships

01 02 03
Conjunctions express various They can indicate addition, By using different conjunctions,
relationships between different contrast, cause and effect, purpose, writers can convey different
parts of a sentence. condition, time, or result. meanings and create a more
nuanced message.
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Definition of
Interjection
Content Title

Interjection is a part of speech that expresses strong emotions or sudden

exclamations.

It is usually followed by an exclamation mark.

Functions of Interjection in English Sentences

Expressing Strong Emotions

Interjections are used to convey strong emotions

such as joy, surprise, anger, etc.
They can add intensity and emphasis to a sentence.

Separating Sentences Demonstrating Interruptions

Interjections can be used to separate sentences Interjections can be used to demonstrate

and create a pause or break in the flow of speech. interruptions or sudden breaks in the conversation.
They can help convey the speaker's emotions or They can indicate surprise, disbelief, or a change in
thoughts more effectively. topic.
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Edited by odoo boy

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