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Fungi

Fungi, characteristics, mode of reproduction, types

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30 views

Fungi

Fungi, characteristics, mode of reproduction, types

Uploaded by

minahil maryum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNGUS

Characteristics of Fungi
• Fungi can be single celled or very complex multicellular organisms.
• A group of fungi called the decomposers grow in the soil or on dead plant matter
where they play an important role in the recycling of carbon and other element.
• They are non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms.
• Almost all the fungi have a filamentous structure except the yeast cells.
• Fungi consist of long thread-like structures known as hyphae.
• These hyphae together form a mesh-like structure called mycelium.
• Fungi possess a cell wall which is made up of chitin and polysaccharides.
• There exists an alternation of generation.
Types of fungi
• Fungi are subdivided:
• Based on their life cycles
• The presence or structure of their fruiting body
• The arrangement of and type of spores they produce.
• Based on their life cycles
• Multicellular filamentous moulds.
• Macroscopic filamentous fungi that form large fruiting bodies. Sometimes the
group is referred to as ‘mushrooms’,
• Single celled microscopic yeasts.
On Basis of Spore Formation
1.Zygomycetes – These are formed by the fusion of two different cells. The sexual
spores are known as zygospores, while the asexual spores are known as
sporangiospores. The hyphae are without the septa. Example – Mucor.
2.Ascomycetes – They are also called sac fungi.The sexual spores are called
ascospores. Asexual reproduction occurs by conidiospores. Example –
Saccharomyces.
3.Basidiomycetes(mushrooms)- Sexual reproduction occurs by basidiospores.
Asexual reproduction occurs by conidia, budding or fragmentation.
Example- Agaricus.
4.Deuteromycetes – They are otherwise called imperfect fungi as they do not follow
the regular reproduction cycle as the other fungi. They do not reproduce sexually.
Asexual reproduction occurs by conidia. Example – Trichoderma.
Mucor Agaricus

Saccharomyces Trichoderma
Based on Mode of Nutrition
1.Saprophytic – The fungi obtain their nutrition by feeding on dead organic substances.
Examples: Rhizopus, Penicillium and Aspergillus.
2.Parasitic – The fungi obtain their nutrition by living on other living organisms (plants or
animals) and absorb nutrients from their host. Examples: Taphrina and Puccinia.
3.Symbiotic – These fungi live by having an interdependent relationship with other
species in which both are mutually benefited.
• Examples: Lichens and mycorrhiza. Lichens are the symbiotic association between algae and
fungi. Mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association present between fungi and plants.
Rhizopus

Penicillium Aspergillus
Mucor
Mucor fungi can be found in extreme environments.

They can be found on dead decaying matter.

Colonies are very fast growing, cottony to fluffy, white to yellow, becoming
dark-grey, with the development of sporangia.
Mucor is a suitable strain for fermentation and used for producing several
beers .
It can also be used for fungal extract, oil, and animal feed.
Penicillium
• Penicillium is saprophytic and are commonly known as blue or green mould.
• They are economically important to produce cheese, organic acids and
antibiotics.
• They play an important role as a decomposer in the ecosystem.
• Penicillin is one of the most important antibiotics extracted from Penicillium sp.
• Penicillin is produced by Penicillium notatum discovered by Alexander
Flemming and it inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria.
Phyllactinia
• Phyllactinia is plant pathogen distributed
in temperate regions.
• Phyllactinia causes a powdery mildew on leaves
and stems on a broad range of host plants
• As the fungus grows extensively on the leaf
surface the leaf appears gray-white.
• Soon after the fungus extends over the leaf
surface it begins to produce long chains of
spores.
• These secondary spores, sometimes called
“summer spores,” create new infections during
the late spring and throughout the summer.
Ustilago

• Disease caused by the fungus


attacks corn (maize) called as
smut.
• The disease reduces corn yields
and can cause economic losses.
• Ustilago sp. is eaten as a
traditional Mexican food in many
parts of the country, and is even
available canned
Puccinia
• All species in this genus are obligate plant pathogens and are known as rusts.
• Rusts is the most common disease of wheat.
• They have reddish-brown coloured spores in the form of rusty spots or streaks
on stems, leaf-sheaths, leaves, etc., of the host plants.
Agaricus
• Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species.
• Agaricus s is a widely eaten gilled mushroom.
• It is commonly known as the field mushroom or, in North America, meadow mushroom.
• It mostly grows in moist and rainy season.
Recommended Readings
• https://microbiologysociety.org/why-microbiology-matters/what-is-microbiology/
fungi.html
• https://byjus.com/biology/kingdom-fungi/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/
phyllactinia

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