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Lecture 33

Calculus Presentation 33

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3 views

Lecture 33

Calculus Presentation 33

Uploaded by

thedarkobliteration
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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xk 1  Axk

Let a matrix A is
diagonalizable, with n linearly
independent eigenvectors,
v1, …, vn,
and corresponding
eigenvalues,

 1, ,  n …
For convenience,
assume that the
eigenvectors are
arranged so that
1  2   n
…
Since { v1, …, vn } is a
basis for R , any
n

initial vector x0 can be


written uniquely as
x0 c1v1    cn vn
…
Since the vi are
eigenvectors,
x1  Ax0
c1 Av1    cn Av n
c11v1    cn n v n
In general,

xk c1 (1 ) v1    cn (n ) vn


k k

(k 0,1, 2,...)
Consider a dynamical system
xk+1 = Axk in which A is n × n,
its eigenvalues satisfy 1 1and
1   j for j = 2, ..., n, and v1 is an
eigenvector corresponding to 1.
…
If x0 is given by x0 c1v1    cn v n
with c1 0, then for all sufficiently
large k ,
xk+1 1 xk
xk ci (1 ) v1 k
Plot several trajectories
of the dynamical system
xk+1 = Axk, when
 .80 0 
A  
 0 .64 
Plot several typical
solution of the equation
xk+1 = Axk, when
 1.44 0 
A  
 0 1.2 
Plot several typical
solution of the equation
yk+1 = Dyk, where
 2.0 0 
D  
 0 0.5 …
Show that a solution
{yk} is unbounded if its
initial point is not on the
x2-axis.
Show that the origin is a
saddle point for solutions
of xk+1 = Axk, where
 1.25  0.75
A  
 -0.75 1.25  …
Find the directions
of greatest
attraction and
greatest repulsion.
If A has two complex
eigenvalues whose absolute
value is greater than 1, then 0
is a repellor and iterates of x0
will spiral outward around the
origin.
…
If the absolute values of
the complex eigenvalues
are less than 1, the origin
is an attractor and the
iterates of x0 spiral inward
toward the origin.
 .8 .5 
Let A   has EV .9 .2i,
  .1 1.0 
 1 2i 
with eigenvectors  
 1 
Find trajectories of the system xk+1 = Axk ,
 0   3  0 
with initial vectors   ,   , and   .
 2.5  0    2.5
Suppose the search survival
rate of young bird is 50%, and
the stage-matrix A is
 0 0 .33

A  .3 0 0 
 0 .71 .94 
…
What does the stage-
matrix model predict
about this bird?

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