Elementary

Mathematic
al Logic
“If it was so, it might be;
and if it were so, it would
be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t.
That’s logic.”
 01 Statement

02 Negation
Table of
contents
03 Conjunction

04 Disjunction
 05 Conditional

06 Biconditiona
Table of l
contents
07 Logical
Equivalence
 Am I Statement or
Not?
Directions: Identify if the
following sentences are
STATEMENT or NOT
STATEMENT and
determine its truth value
(that is you should be
able to decide whether
the statement is TRUE or
1. Happy Birthday!
2. Some books have hard covers.
3. No Philippine presidents were naturally born in
Korea.
4. My dog loves me.
5. Some cats aren't mammals.
6. Juan is intelligent.
7. Go get the milk.
8. All dogs are Labrador Retrievers.
9. Can we be friends? 5
1. Happy Birthday! – not statement
2. Some books have hard covers. -statement
3. No Philippine presidents were residents of Korea. -
statement
4. My dog loves me. -not statement
5. Some cats aren't mammals- statement
6. Juan is intelligent-not statement
7. Go get the milk.-not statement
8. All dogs are Labrador Retrievers.- statement
9. Can we be friends?- not statement
10. Today is Tuesday.- statement
6
2. Some books have hard covers. –statement -
TRUE
3. No Philippine presidents were naturally born in
Korea. –statement- TRUE

5. Some cats aren't mammals- statement -

FALSE
8. All dogs are Labrador Retrievers.- statement-
FALSE
7
 What can you say about
the sentences?
 How did you know that a
sentence is a statement or
not?
9
 I. What is
Logic?

-is the science of

correct reasoning.
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 01

Stateme
nt
is any declarative
sentence that is either
true (T) or false (F),
but not both
We refer
to T or F as the
truth value of the Statements are
statement. usually denoted by
lower case letters
(for example: p, q,
r,s …)
The sentence “Stand
up” or “Follow the These are commands
leader” cannot be instead of a
used as statements. declarative sentence
and therefore cannot
be classified as true
or false
Examples of Examples of NOT
statements: statements:
 𝑥+𝑦
 (TRUE)
 Happy Birthday!
 (FALSE)
 Tweet me.
 Today is Thursday.
(command)
 s: January has 31  Can we be friends?
days. (question)
 Juan is intelligent.
Exam Let p be the sentence
ple
1 “Manila is the capital in the
Philippines.” Let q be the
sentence “The world is flat.”
These are both statements
because we can assign to them a
truth value. In this case, p is true
and q is false.
Simple Statement?
Compound
Statement?
A simple Examples:
 Today is March 16,
statement is a 2020. (Simple
statement)
statement that  Metro Manila is
under community
conveys a quarantine. (Simple
statement)
single idea.
Examples:
Today is March 16,
A compound
2020 and Metro
Manila is under statement is a
community
quarantine. (Compound statement that
statement)
Today is not March
16, 2020 or yesterday
conveys two or
was a Sunday.
(Compound statement)
more ideas.
 Logic Connectives and Symbols
Stateme Connective Symboli Type of
nt c form statement
not not negation
and and conjunction
or or disjunction
If , then If … then conditional
if and if and only if Bicondition
only if al
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 02 Negation
The negation of a
statement p, denoted
by ~p (read as “not
p”) is the statement
whose truth value
is the opposite of the
truth value of p.
 N eg
Examp atio
n
le

p= Manila is the p= Manila is not

capital city of the the capital city of
Philippines the Philippines
 ✘Activity : Negate me!
Write the negation of each statement:
DIRITSO NA ANSWER

1. I want a car and a motorcycle.

2. My cat stays outside or it makes a mess.
3. I've fallen and I can't get up.
4. You study or you don't get a good grade.
M.N. ORTIZ
5. It is raining and it isn't snowing.
GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 Example:
Consider the following simple statements.
Today is Friday.
It is raining.
I am going to a movie.
I am not going to the basketball game.

Write the following compound statements in symbolic form

a) Today is not Friday and I am going to a movie.
b) I am going to the basketball game and I am not going to a
movie.
c) I am going to the movie if and only if it is raining.
d) If today is Friday, then I am not going to a movie.
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
Consider the following simple statements.
Today is Friday.
It is raining.
I am going to a movie.
I am not going to the basketball game.
Write the following compound statements in symbolic form.
SOLUTION:
a) Today is not Friday and I am going to a movie.
Answer:
b) I am going to the basketball game and I am not going to a movie.
Answer:
c) I am going to the movie if and only if it is raining.
Answer:
d) If today is Friday, then I am not going to a movie.
Answer:
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 ✘Activity 9: Translate me!
Direction: Consider the following simple
statements. Translate the following symbolic
form in compound statements.

Today is Friday.
It is raining.
I am going to a movie.
I am not going to love my ex anymore.

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 1. (~p q)
Today is Friday. 2. (s∧~q)
3. (r ~p)
It is raining.
4. (s ~q)
I am going to a movie. 5. (~q ∧ p)
6. (~p∨ q)
I am not going to love 7. (p ~p)
my ex . 8. (s ~r)
9. (~r ∨ s)
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World
10. (~q ∨ s)
Module 2: Logic
 ✘Application: Construct me!
Directions: Construct your own 4 simple or
compound statements labeling it with p, q, r and s
respectively. Translate the symbolic form given
below using the statements you constructed.
✘ 1. (s∧~q)
✘ 2. ~(~q∧r)
✘ 3. ~(p∨q)
✘ 4. (p∧~q)
✘ 5. (~s∧q)
M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 The truth value of a simple statement is either true (T)
or false (F).

The truth value of a compound statement depends on

the truth values of its simple statements and its
connectives.

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
Conjunction,
 is true if BOTH and are true. Otherwise, it is false.

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
Disjunction,
 is true if at least one statements ( or both) is true. It is false
only if both statements are false.

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 Negation,
 If is true, is false
 If is false, is true

Examples: Negating simple statements.

,
June 26, 2020 is a Friday. June 26, 2020 is not a Friday.
The sun is bigger than the moon. The sun is not bigger than the moon.
I am not a Libra. I am a Libra.

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 Disjunction Conjunction Negation

p q p∨q p q p∧ p q ~p ~q
q
T T T T T F F
T T T

T F T T F F T F F T

F T T F T F F T T T

F F F F F F F F T T

M.N. ORTIZ GEC 113/126 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
Quote
to
share:
“This is a quote,
words full of wisdom
that someone
important said and
can make the reader
get inspired.”
—Someone Famous
Maybe you
need to divide
the content

01 02

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second
smallest one in the Solar planet from the Sun. It’s a
System. It’s a bit larger hot place—even hotter
than the Moon than Mercury
You could use Mars
three columns, Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
why not? full of iron oxide dust

Jupiter
Focus: Jupiter is a gas giant
Main idea and the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Narr
a
e w r ti v Venus
iting
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
 A picture
always
reinforces the
concept

amounts of
Images reveal large
use an
data, so remember:
ng text
image instead of a lo
A picture
is worth a
thousand
words
 Narr
at i
w ri t i v e
ng
Awesome
words
Weekly Because key words are great for
teachin catching your audience’s
attention
g plans
Use a graph to
show your data

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant,
and the biggest planet
in the Solar System

Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
To modify this graph, click on it, follow
the link, change the data and paste the
new graph here
Use a graph to
show your data

20%
Despite being red, it is
actually a cold place

80%
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
To modify this graph, click on it, follow
the link, change the data and paste the
new graph here
 Mercury Venus
Mercury is the Venus has a
closest planet beautiful
to the Sun name, but it’s
very hot

Sometimes, Mars Saturn

reviewing Despite being
red, Mars is a
Saturn is the
ringed one
concepts cold place and a gas
giant
is a good idea
Jupiter Neptune
It’s the Neptune is the
biggest planet farthest planet
in the Solar from the Sun
System
What about Weekly
teachin
four columns? g plans

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the closest It’s the biggest planet in
planet to the Sun the Solar System

Venus Saturn
Venus has a beautiful Saturn is the ringed one
name, but it’s very hot and a gas giant
Or you can use
three columns
Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System

Venus Saturn
Venus has a beautiful Saturn is the ringed one
name, but it’s very hot and a gas giant
Infographics
make your idea
understandable

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the It’s the biggest
closest planet to planet in the Solar
the Sun System

Venus Saturn
Venus has a Saturn is the ringed
beautiful name, but one and a gas giant
it’s very hot
 02

Mission,
philosophy &
Youpurpose
can enter a subtitle
here if you need it
Daily lesson
planning
Mars Mercury
Despite being red, Mars Mercury is the closest
is actually a cold place planet to the Sun and
full of iron oxide dust the smallest of them all

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is a gas giant Venus has a beautiful
and the biggest planet name and is the second
in the Solar System planet from the Sun
Teaching is
the highest
form of
understandi
ng
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
Other specific Mass
Diamet
er
aspects of our
education in a Mercury 0.06 0.38

simple table Mars 0.11 0.53

Saturn 95.2 9.4

Weekly
teachin Jupiter
g plans Jupiter is a gas giant, and the
biggest planet in the Solar
System
This is a map

Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s very hot
Jupiter
It’s the biggest
planet in the Solar
System
Meet our Clara
teaching Here you could talk
a bit about this
members person

Note: Ellie
Meeting Here you could talk
next a bit about this
week Prep person
a
snac re
k
fo r t s
he Will
clas
s Here you could talk
a bit about this
person
A timeline
always works
well

2015 2017 2020 2023

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

It’s the biggest Mercury is the Venus is the Despite being
planet in the smallest one in second planet red, it’s
Solar System the System from the Sun actually a cold
place
Or try this
timeline

2015 2020

2022
2017
Mars Mercury
Mercury is the
Mars is actually Venus
smallest planet
a cold place full Jupiter in the System
of iron oxide It has a
Jupiter is the beautiful name
dust
biggest planet and is the
in the Solar second planet
System
7,498,30
0
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Here are some
percentages

59% 80%

Saturn Venus
Saturn is the ringed Venus has a beautiful
one and a gas giant name, but it’s very hot
 386,000
km
distance from
Earth to the
Moon
333,000 24h 37m
Earths in total is is Jupiter’s
the Sun’s mass rotation period
Desktop
software
You can replace the image
on the screen with your
own work. Just delete this
one, add yours and center
it properly
Tablet app
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own
work. Just delete this one, add
yours and center it properly
Mobile web
You can replace the image with your own work.
Delete this one, add yours and center it properly

Mars Mercury
Mars is a cold place It’s the smallest
full of iron oxide dust planet in the Solar
System

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the second
planet of them all planet from the Sun
 Do you have any
questions?
[email protected]
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com

Thank
you! CREDITS: This presentation
template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, and infographics &
images by Freepik
Please keep this slide for
attribution
Knowledge icon pack
Alternative resources
Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternatives pictures within the same style with this
template

Vectors
● Workplace in flat design with accessories
● Flat notebook and accessories in vintage style
● Flat post-its boards infographics

Photos
● Kids and teacher celebrating teacher's day
● High angle girl writing on an empty notebook
● Teacher pointing next to her with copy space
Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other
websites.
Icons
Vectors ● Knowledge Icon Pack
● Nice notebook with accessories in flat design
● Colorful sticky notes
● Set of hand drawn lines and dividers

Photos ● Teacher with notebook in clas

● Happy teacher helping her students s
● Teacher hugging a student with copy space ● Students hugging their teach
● er
Back view kid with backpack
● Serious teacher in glasses sta
● High angle teacher helping a little boy in class nding at blackboard hand on
● Kid holding school supplies in her backpack hand
● Smiley teacher standing in classroom
 Instructions for use
In order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide.

You are allowed to:

- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.

You are not allowed to:

- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Fonts & colors used
This presentation has been made using the following fonts:

Delius
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Delius)

Nunito
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Nunito)

#ffac58 #ff866a #40bfbf #ba9ec5

 Stories by Freepik
Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out How it Works.

Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate

 Use our editable graphic resources...
You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2

PHASE 2

Task 1

Task 2

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

PHASE
1

Task 1

Task 2
 ...and our sets of editable icons
You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons