Reading and

Reviewing
Critically TSL1054
Language Development II
MRN, RINI, EMI
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

1. Apply the skills of reading and reviewing critically

• Problem, Process and Solution Texts
• Cause and Effect Texts
• Compare and Contrast Texts

2. Write a critical review of

Problem, Process and Solution Texts
• Cause and Effect Texts
• Compare and Contrast Texts
What is Reading and Reviewing Critically?
Reading and reviewing critically means questioning the
information in the text and presenting an evaluation, or
judgement, of it.

Reading and reviewing a text critically involves two main

processes

1. Reading the text actively and critically

2. Evaluating the information given.
Reading and Reviewing Critically

STEP 1
Reading the text critically
 Reading Critically
● Critical reading is an active way of reading
● Critical reading involves analysing and interpreting
texts
● When reading a text, it is important to get the answers
to the following questions:
1.Essay-type text
● the author’s purpose;
● the main ideas ;
● evidence provided;
● text structure
.
 Author’s Purpose
● An author’s purpose is the main reason he or she has for
writing the text.
● Three basic purposes of an author:

To inform: mostly presents information or

explains.
E.g. news, textbooks, biographies,

To persuade: mostly argues a point or try to

convince.
E.g advertisement, persuasive articles

To entertain: mostly provides entertainment

E.g. a poem or funny essay
 Identifying Author’s Purpose
A writer’s purpose can be determined by following this
simply way

1. Read the text. As you read, ask the question.

“Why is the writer writing this?
2. At the end of text, complete the following statement of
purpose:

The author wrote this mostly to …………….

 Purpose: Let’s Practise
Professor Howard Gardner believes that people are smart
in different ways. In his studies, he found many different
kinds of intelligence. For example, some people have
interpersonal intelligence. This means they work well with
others. They are also good at other people’s feelings.
Counselors and teachers have this kind of intelligence.

Statement of Purpose?
The author wrote this mostly to inform the readers that people can
be smart in many ways
Main Ideas
Identifying Topic, Main Ideas and Supporting Details

More on Topic, Main Idea and Supporting Details

 Textual Evidence
● Textual evidence is any evidence from a fiction or
nonfiction text that can be used to support ideas,
arguments, opinions, and thoughts.
● When we cite textual evidence, we paraphrase,
quote, or refer to the specific part of the text that we
are using to back up or support our thoughts and
ideas
 Textual Evidence
● Some examples of textual evidence commonly used by
authors to illustrate/support/prove their points are
statististics, testimonial,analogical and anecdotal
evidence.

● Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
Ways to quote textual evidence
 Textual Evidence:Let’s Practice
Textual Evidence Practice
 Text Structure
● Text structure refers to how the information within a
written text is organized.
● Identifying text structures may help readers to
comprehend texts more easily and identify author’s
purpose
 Text Structure
● Commonly used structures used by authors
❖ Problem process solution -This type of structure sets
up a problem or problems, explains the solution,
and then discusses the effects of the solution
E.g. : An article on e-learning might
highlight the problem of umnotivated
students and ways to overcome the
Problem are discussed.
 Text structure
❖ Cause and Effect: This structure presents the
causal relationship between an specific event,
idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or
concept that follow.

E.g. Weather patterns could be described that

explain why a big snowstorm occurred.
 Text structure
❖ Compare - Contrast: This type of structure sets
up a problem or problems, explains the solution,
and then discusses the effects of the solution

E.g. : A book about ancient Greece may

explain how the Spartan women were
different from the Athenian women
 Text Structure: Let’s Practice 1
Many people are confused about why our economy went to shambles in 2008. The crisis
was actually the result of a combination of many complex factors. First, easy credit
conditions allowed people who were high-risk or unworthy of credit to borrow, and even
people who had no income were eligible for large loans. Second, banks would bundle these
toxic loans and sell them as packages on the financial market. Third, large insurance firms
backed these packages, misrepresenting these high-risk loans as safe investments. Fourth,
because of the ease of acquiring credit and the rapid growth in the housing market, people
were buying two or three houses, intending to sell them for more than they paid. All of
these factors created bubbles of speculation. These bubbles burst, sending the whole
market into a downward spiral, causing employers to lose capital and lay off employees.
Consumer spending then plummeted and most businesses suffered. The economy is like a
big boat, and once it gets moving quickly in the wrong direction, it’s hard to turn it around

Can you guess the text structure?

 Text Structure: Let’s Practice 2
Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic
beasts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that
we should write to our congress people. If we let them know that
we demand the preservation of this species, maybe we can make
a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should donate to Save
the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower
those who are fighting the hardest to preserve the tigers. We
owe it to our grandchildren to do something.

Can you guess the text structure?

 Text structure: Let’s Practice 3
All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically.
Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical
changes are those that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter.
For example, clay will bend or flatten if squeezed, but it will still be clay.
Changing the shape of clay is a physical change, and does not change the
matter’s identity. Chemical changes turn the matter into a new kind of matter
with different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it becomes ash
and will never be paper again. The difference between them is that physical
changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and chemical changes are
permanent, which means they last forever. Physical and chemical changes
both affect the state of matter.

Can you guess the text structure?

Answers

Text 1 : Compare - Contrast

Text 2 : Problem - Solution
Text 3 : Cause and Effect
 Reading Research Article
2. Research article
When reading a research articles, getting answers to
the following question is very important
● the main question;
● the author’s aim;
● the methods used;
● the evidence provided;
● the key findings or answers; and
● the implications and significance of the findings.
Reading and Reviewing Critically

Step 2
Evaluating the Information
 Evaluating the Text
● When evaluate the text:

➔ Judge the quality or value of the text (for other

researchers, or to practitioners in the field, or to
students).
➔ Consider the merits of the text in the short term
as well as the long term.
➔ Consider the merits of the text in comparison to
other related text.
Evaluating the Text
When evaluating the text you could answer some of the
following questions:
➔ Is the question/main idea the text tries to answer/impart
relevant, interesting, new, or useful? To who, and why?
➔ Does the text give new answers or interpretations to an
old question/topic/issue?
➔ Is the text detailed, or brief? Simple or complex?
➔ Is the evidence presented to support the answer
extensive? Strong? Weak? Relevant? Persuasive?
Contradictory?
➔ Are the conclusions reached final, limited, qualified or
preliminary?
 References
● https://www. monash.edu/rlo/quick-study-guides/ writing-a-critical-review
● http://courses.washington.edu/fish538/resources/What%20is%20a%20 Critical%20Revi
ew.pdf
● https://cdn.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/tranforms/content-block/UsefulDownlo
ads_Download/8F0C97287F844BF5A87A3C12DCD4E15E/Critical%20review.pdf
● https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/ crinonfiction/
● https://www.missdecarbo.com/text-evidence/
● http://www.writingsimplified.com/2009/10/4-types-of- evidence.html
● file:///C:/Users/hp-user/Documents/TSL1054%202021 /Identifying%20Author
%20Purpose.pdf
● https://www.englishworksheetsland.com/grade6/readinginfo/1/1citing.pdf

Etc Etc
THANK YOU