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Smart Materials in Dentistry

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208 views28 pages

Smart Materials in Dentistry

Uploaded by

neeruraj08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SMART MATERIALS IN DENTISTRY

Introduction

• Smart materials - highly responsive & have the inherent


capability to sense & react according to changes in the
environment.
• Responsive materials.
Stimuli - Factors

• Strain
• Stress,
• Temperature,
• Chemicals (including pH stimuli),
• Electric field,
• Magnetic field,
• Hydrostatic pressure,
• Different types of radiation,
• Other forms of stimuli
Materials used in dentistry can
be classified as :
• Bioinert (passive),
• Bioactive
• Bioresponsive or smart materials
based on their interactions with
the environment.
Thermochromic toothbrushes have been produced that change colour as they are
warmed in the hand. It takes roughly two minutes to warm the brush enough to see a
change in the colour and this is the length of time dentists recommend teeth should
be brushed.
6

Colorise VPS Impression Material


SMART MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY
AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (ACP)

• ACP is an antecedent in the biological formation of


hydroxyapatite (HAP).

• It has both preventive and restorative properties, which


justify its use in dental cements and adhesives, pit and
fissure sealants and composites.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
At neutral or high pH, ACP remains in its
original form

At or below 5.5 (critical pH): ACP converts


into crystalline HAP, thus replacing the HAP
crystal lost to the acid

Released ions merge within seconds and


form a gel

In less than 2 min this gel becomes


amorphous crystals, resulting in calcium and
phosphate ions
• Casein phosphopeptide (CPP), a milk derivative is complexes
with ACP and this CPP -ACP complex is used in dentifrices as a
remineralizing agent in the reversal of incipient white spot lesions
under the name ReCaldent.

• It is commercially available as GC tooth mousse plus


SMART COMPOSITES

• It is a light-activated alkaline, nano filled glass restorative


material.

• It releases calcium, fluoride and hydroxyl ions when


intraoral pH values drop below the critical pH of 5.5 and
counteracts the demineralization of the tooth surface and
also aids in remineralization.
• The material can be adequately cured in bulk thickness of
up to 4 mm.

• It is recommended for the restoration of class 1 and class


2 lesions in both primary and permanent teeth.

• Ex: Ariston pH control introduced by Ivoclar


Vivadent (Liechtenstein) Company.
SELF-HEALING COMPOSITES
• One of the first self-repairing or self-healing synthetic materials reported

interestingly shows some similarities to resin-based dental materials, since it is

resin-based.

• This was an epoxy system which contained resin filled microcapsules.

• If a crack occurs in the epoxy composite material, some of the microcapsules are

destroyed near the crack and release the resin.

• The resin subsequently fills the crack and reacts with a catalyst dispersed in the

epoxy composite, resulting in a polymerization of the resin and a repair of the

crack
SMART CERAMICS

• These are metal -free biocompatible


life like restorations that allows them
to blend well with the surrounding
natural dentition.
• They made the process of restoring
teeth to natural form easy and
predictable.
• Ex: Cercon Zirconium Smart Ceramic
System.
SMART IMPRESSION MATERIAL

These materials exhibit more:


• Hydrophilic to get void free impression.
• Shape memory during elastic recovery resists distortion
for more accurate impression, toughness resists tearing.
• Snap- set behavior results in precise fitting restorations
without distortion.
• Cut of working and setting times by at least 33%.
• Viscosity-materials with low viscosity have high flow.
• Ex: Imprint 3 VPS, Impregim, Aquasil ultra.
SMART GLASS IONOMER CEMENT (RMGIS)

• The smart behavior of GIC was first suggested by


Davidson.

• It is related to the ability of a gel structure to absorb or


release solvent rapidly in response to a stimulus such as
temperature, change in pH etc.
• These smart ionomer mimic the behavior of human
dentin.
• Resin modified glass ionomer cement, compomer or
giomer also exhibit these smart characteristics.
• Ex: GC Fuji IX GP EXTRA.
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

• These alloys have exceptional properties such as super


elasticity, shape memory, good resistance to fatigue and
wear and relatively good biocompatibility.

• Ni-Tinol was introduced in orthodontics in 1970s and is


used in fabrication of brackets.
• Wires exhibiting shape memory behavior at mouth
temperature normally contain copper and or chromium in
addition to nickel and titanium.
• Ex: Ni-Ti alloy
Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary instruments

• The introduction of Ni-Ti in rotary endodontic has made


instrumentation easier and faster than conventional hand
instrumentation during biomechanical preparation of root
canal treatment.
• The advantage of using rotary Ni-Ti files are less chances
of file breakage within the canal during instrumentation,
less fatigue to the operator, less transportation, decreased
incidence of canal aberration and minimal post-operative
pain to the patient.

• Ex: Ni-Ti rotary files.


SMART PREP BURS
• These are polymer burs that cuts only infected dentin.
• The affected dentin which has the ability to remineralize
is left intact
• Over cutting of tooth structure that usually occurs with
conventional burs can be avoided by the use of these
smart preparation burs.
• Ex: SS White diamond and carbide preparation kit
Use of smart prep bur in cavity preparation
• Smartpaste bio is a resin-based sealant designed to swell through the
addition of ground polymer.

• The manufacturer claims that the addition of bioceramics gives the sealer
exceptional dimensional stability and makes it nonresorbable inside the
root canal.

Smartseal Obturation System


‘Smartpaste bio’
Vijetha Badami and Bharat Ahuja, “ Biosmart Materials: Breaking New Ground in Dentistry”.
The Scientific World Journal Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 986912, 7 pages.
SMART SUTURES

• These sutures are made up of thermoplastic polymers that


have both shape memory and biodegradable properties.

• They are applied loosely in its temporary shape and the


ends of the suture were fixed.

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